After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Novacek, Rougier, Wible, McKenna, Dashzeveg & Horovitz, 1997, Kielan-Jaworowska, Novacek, Trofimov & Dashzeveg, 2000 and Archibald, Averianov & Ekdale, 2001
Alternative view after Carroll 1988 (originally from Novacek & Wyss 1986??)
Alternative view after McKenna & Bell, 1997
<==o Epitheria McKenna, 1975 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 |?- †Hyotheridium dobsoni Gregory & Simpson, 1926 |?-o †Asioryctitheria Novacek, Rougier, Wible, McKenna, Dashzeveg & Horovitz, 1997 [Kennalestoidea Kielan-Jaworowska, 1981] | |--o †Asioryctidae Kielan-Jaworowska, 1981 | | |-- †Ukhaatherium nessovi Novacek, Rougier, Wible, McKenna, Dashzeveg & Horovitz, 1997 | | `-- †Asioryctes nemegetensis Kielan-Jaworowska, 1975 | `--o †Kennalestidae Kielan-Jaworowska, 1981 | |-- †Prokennalestes trofinovi Kielan-Jaworowska & Dashzeveg, 1989 [incl. P. minor Kielan-Jaworowska & Dashzeveg, 1989] | |-- †Kennalestes gobiensis Kielan-Jaworowska, 1969 | `-- †Sailestes quadrans Nesov, 1982 `--o Preptotheria McKenna, 1975 [incl. Therictoidea Gregory, 1910; Tokotheria McKenna, 1975] |--+?- Leptictida [Proeutheria, incl. Palaeanodonta, incl. Pholidota??!!] | `--+?- Anagalida Szalay & McKenna, 1971 [Synonyms] (rodent-like eutherians; jyrsijä-jäniseläimet) | `?- Archonta (primate-like eutherians; kädellistensukuiset) `--+--o Insectivora | `-- Lipotyphla Haeckel, 1866 (modern insect-eaters; nykyhyönteissyöjät) `?-o Ferungulata |-- Ungulatomorpha Archibald, J. D., 1996 (ungulate-like eutherians; ungulaattimaiset) `--o Ferae Linnaeus, 1758 [Rapacia Newman, 1843; Ferina Newman, 1843; Carnassia Haeckel, 1895; Sarcotheria Haeckel, 1895; Carnivoramorpha Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992] [incl.? Carnaria Haeckel, 1866] |?- Cimolesta McKenna, 1975 [†Cimolestiformes Kinman, 1994] [Problematic, see alternative tree after Carroll 1988] `--+-- †Creodonta (kreodontit; creodonts) `-- Carnivoramorpha Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992 (modern carnivores and their extinct relatives; nykypetoeläinmäiset nisäkkäät)
Reference(s):
- Archibald, J. D., 1996: Fossil evidence for a Late Cretaceous origin of "hoofed" mammals.
–Science: Vol. 272, 24 May, pp. 1150-1153 - Archibald, J. D., Averianov, A. O. & Ekdale, E. G., 2001: Late Cretaceous relatives of rabbits, rodents, and other extant eutherian mammals.
–Nature: Vol. 414, pp. 62-65 - Averianov, A. O., 2000: Mammals from the Mesozoic of Kirgizstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tadzhikistan. 627-652
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, xxxix-696 - Averianov, A. O. & Skutschas, P. P., 2001: A new genus of eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 46, #3, pp. 431-436 - Bowen, G. J., Clyde, W. C., Koch, P. L., Ting, S., Alroy, J., Tsubamoto, T., Wang, Y-Q. & Wang, Y., 2002: Mammalian dispersal at the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary.
–Science: Vol. 295, pp. 2062-2065 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Dykes, T., 2002: "Basal" Epitheria.
–iNet: Mesozoic mammals – an internet directory: http://home.arcor.de/ktdykes/basepi.htm - Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., Novacek, M. J., Trofimov, B. A. & Dashzeveg, D., 2000: Mammals from the Mesozoic of Mongolia. 573-626
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, xxxix-696 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Novacek, M. J., Rougier, G. W., Wible, J. R., McKenna, M. C., Dashzeveg, D. & Horovitz, I., 1997: Epipubic bones in eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia.
–Nature: Vol. 389, 2 October, pp. 483-486 - Prasad, G. V. R., Jaeger, J.-J., Sahni, A., Gheerbrant, E. & Khajuria, C. K., 1994: Eutherian mammals from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) intertrappean beds of Naskal, Andhra Pradesh, India.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #2, pp. 260-277 - Rana, R. S. & Wilson, G. P., 2003: New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 48, #3, pp. 331-348