Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Sarcopterygii – coelacanths, lungfishes, tetrapods and their extinct relatives

After Ahlberg, 1991, Cloutier & Ahlberg, 1996, Zhu, Yu & Janvier, 1999, and Zhu, Yu, Wang, Zhao & Jia, 2006

<==o Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955 (lihaseväiset kalat)
   |?- †Diabolepis speratus (Chang & Yu, 1984) L. Dev. SEAs. [=Diabolichthyes (jr. synon.)] [Diabolichthyidae] [problematic, see Dipnoiformes or alternative phylogeny of Sarcopterygii for other positions]
   |?- †Langdenia campylognatha Janvier & Phuong, 1999
   |-- †Meemannia eos Zhu, Yu, Wang, Zhao & Jia, 2006; L.Dev. EAs.
   `--+-- †Psarolepis romeri Yu, 1998 sensu Zhu, Yu, Wang, Zhao & Jia, 2006; L. Dev. SEAs. [problematic, see Gnathostomata for other positions]
      `--+-- †Onychodontida Andrews, 1973 [Onychodontiformes; Struniiformes]
         `--+-- Coelacanthinimorpha [Actinistia Cope, 1871] (coelacanths; latimeriansukuiset varsieväkalat)
            `--o Choanata [Rhipidistia Cope, 1871] (choanates; sisäsieraimelliset)
               |-- †Styloichthys changae Zhu & Yu, 2002
               `--+-- Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991 [Osteolepimorpha] (Terrestrial vertebrate-like sarcopterygians; maaselkärankaismaiset lihaseväisetkalat)
                  `--o Dipnomorpha Ahlberg, 1991 (lungfish-like sarcopterygians; keuhkokalamaiset lihaseväiset)
                     |-- †Porolepiformes Jarvik, 1942
                     `--o Dipnoiformes Cloutier, 1990 sensu Yu, 1998 (keuhkokalat; lungfishes)
                        |?- †Psarolepis romeri Yu, 1998 sensu Yu, 1998
                        `-- Dipnoiformes Cloutier, 1990 (keuhkokalat; lungfishes)

Family-level taxonomy of all non-tetrapod sarcopterygians.

Various proposed phylogenetic relationships of Sarcopterygian fishes (based on Cloutier & Ahlberg, 1996 and Lu & Zhu, 2009)

<==o Crossopterygii
   |--o Binostia
   |  |-- Coelacanthiformes
   |  `-- †Porolepiformes
   `--+-- Onychodontiformes
      `--o Quadrostia
         |-- †Rhizodontiformes
         `-- †Osteolepiformes

<==o Sarcopterygii?
   |== †“Osteolepiformes”
   `--+-- Actinistia
      |-- †Porolepiformes
      `--+-- Dipnoi
         `-- Tetrapoda

<==o Sarcopterygii
   |-- Actinistia
   `--+-- Dipnoi
      `--+--+-- †Powichthys
         |  `-- †Porolepiformes
         `--+-- †Youngolepis
            `--+-- †Osteolepiformes
               `-- Tetrapoda

<==o Sarcopterygii
   |-- Dipnoi
   `--+-- Actinistia
      `--+?- Onychodontiformes
         `--+-- †Powichthys & †Youngolepis
            `--+-- †Porolepiformes
               `--+-- †Osteolepiformes
                  `--+-- †Panderichthyidae
                     `-- Tetrapoda

<==o Sarcopterygii
   |?- †Meemannia
   |--+-- †Diabolepis
   |  `-- Dipnoi
   `--+-- †Youngolepis
      `--+-- †Powichthys
         `--+?- †Psarolepis
            `--+-- †Porolepiformes
               `--+-- Tetrapodomorpha
                  `--+-- †Onychodontida
                     `-- Coelacanthinimorpha

<==o Sarcopterygii
   |-- †Psarolepis
   `--+--+-- †Onychodontiformes
      |  `-- Actinistia
      `--+-- †Styloichthys
         `--+-- †Osteolepiformes
            `--+-- Dipnoi
               `-- †Porolepiformes

Reference(s):

• Ahlberg, P. E. & Johanson, Z. 1998: Osteolepiforms and the ancestry of tetrapods.
  –Nature: Vol. 395, 22 October, pp. 792-794
• Campbell, K. S. W. & Barwick, R. E., 2001: Diabolepis and its relationships to the Dipnoi.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #2, pp. 227-241
• Clement, G., 2001: Evidence for lack of Choanae in the Porolepiformes.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #4, pp. 795-802
• Cloutier, R. & Ahlberg, P. E., 1996: Morphology, characters, and the interrelationships of basal sarcopterygians. 445-479.
  in Stiassny, M. L. J., Parenti, L. R. & Johnson, G. D., (eds.) 1996: Interrelationships of Fishes.
  –Academic Press, San Diego, 1996, xiv-496
• Forey, P. L., Ahlberg, P. E., Luksevics, E.& Zupins, I., 2000: A new coelacanth from the Middle Devonian of Latvia.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 243-252
• Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
  –Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088
• Janvier, P. & Phuong, T. H., 1999: Le vertèbrès (Placodermi: Galeaspida) du Dévonien inférieur de la coupe de Lung Cô-Mia Lé, Province de Hà Giang, Viêt Nam, avec des donnèes complémentaires sur les gisements à vertébrés du Dévonien du Bac Bo oriental.
  [Vertebrates (Placodermi, Galeaspida) of the Lower Devonian of the Lung Cô-Mia Lé section, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam, with complementary comments on vertebrates deposits of the eastern Bac Bun Devonian]
  –Geodiversitas: Vol. 21, #1, pp. 33-67
• Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
  –Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223
• Long, J. A., 2001: On the relationships of Psarolepis and the onychodontiform fishes.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #4, pp. 815-820
• Lu, J. & Zhu, M., 2009: An onychodont fish (Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii) from the Early Devonian of China, and the evolution of the Onychodontiformes.
  –Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 277, #1, pp. 293-299 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0708]
• Yu, X., 1998: A new porolepiform-like fish, Psarolepis romeri, gen. et sp. nov. (Sarcopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan, China.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #2, pp. 261-274
• Zhu, M. & Yu, X., 2002: A primitive fish close to the common ancestor of tetrapods and lungfish.
  –Nature: Vol. 418, pp. 767-770
• Zhu, M., Yu, X. & Janvier, P., 1999: A Primitive fossil fish sheds light on the origin of bony fishes.
  –Nature: vol. 397, February 18, pp. 607-610
• Zhu, M., Yu, X., Wang, W., Zhao, W. & Jia, L., 2006: A primitive fish provides key characters bearing on deep osteichthyan phylogeny.
  –Nature: Vol. 441, pp. 77-80