After Wyss & Flynn, 1993, McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Ginsburg & Morales, 1998
<==o Arctoidea Flower (karhumaiset petoeläimet) |--o Mustelida [Musteloidea] | |?- †Mustelavus priscus | |--+-- Procyonidae (half-bears, raccoons; puolikarhut) | | `-- Ailuridae Gray, 1843 [Procyonidae: Simocyoninae+Ailurinae] (golden pandas; pikkupandat) | `--+-- †Bavarictis gaimersheimensis | |-- †Mustelictis | `--+-- †Pseudobassaris riggsi | `--+--o †Plesictis [Mustelavus] | | `-- †“Plesictis” julieni sicaulensis Viret, 1929 | `--+--o †Oligobuninae [usually treated as basal pinnipedians] | | |-- †Promartes olcotti | | |-- †Potamotherium valletoni | | `-- †Oligobunis crassivultus | `-- Mustelidae (weasels; näädät) `--o Ursida Tedford, 1976 |?- †Adelpharctos |?- †Adracon |?- †Allocyon |?- †Drassonax |?- †Kolponomos |?- †Plesiocyon |?-+-- †Nothocyon geismarianus (Cope, 1878) Matthew, 1899 | |--o †Subparictis Clark & Guensburg, 1972 sensu Wang & Tedford, 1992 | | `-- †S. dakotensis | `--o †Parictis Scott, 1893 | `-- †P. primaevus Scott, 1893 |--o Ursidae Fisher de Waldheim, 1817 sensu Rybczynski, Dawson & Tedford, 2009 | |--o †Amphicynodon [Cynodon, Paracynodon] | | `-- †A. teilhardi Matthew & Granger, 1924 | `--+-- †Cephalogale | `--+-- †Pachycynodon | `-- Ursoidea Fisher de Waldheim, 1817 (Flower, 1869) (bear-like carnivores; karhunsukuiset petoeläimet) `--+--o †Amphicticeps Matthew & Granger, 1924 | |-- †A. shackelfordi Matthew & Granger, 1924 | |-- †A. durog Wang, McKenna & Dashzeveg, 2005 | `-- †A. makhchinus Wang, McKenna & Dashzeveg, 2005 `-- Pinnipedimorpha Berta, 1991 [Pinnipedia sensu lato] (seals; eväjalkaiset petoeläimet)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Rybczynski, N., Dawson, M. R. & Tedford, R. H., 2009: A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia.
–Nature: Vol. 458, pp. 1021-1024 - Savage, R. J. G., 1978: Carnivora. 249-267
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African Mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Wang, X., McKenna, M. C. & Dashzeveg, D., 2005: Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, central Mongolia and phylogeny of basal arctoids with comments on zoogeography.
–American Museum Novitates: Vol. #3483, pp. 1-57 - Wang, X., & Tedford, R. H., 1992: The status of genus Nothocyon Matthew, 1899 (Carnivora): An arctoid not a canid.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 12, #2, pp. 223-229 - Wyss, A. R. & Flynn, J. J., 1993: A phylogenetic analysis and definition of the Carnivora. 32-52
in Szalay, F. S., Novacek, M. J. & McKenna, M. C., (eds.) 1993: Mammal phylogeny - Placentals.
–Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993