After Baskin, 2004
Alternative (older) phylogeny after Baskin, 1982 & 1989
Alternative phylogeny after McKenna & Bell, 1997
<==o Procyonidae (puolikarhut) |?- †Angustictis |-- †Broiliana nobilis `--o Procyoninae Gray, 1825 sensu Baskin, 2004 (varsinaiset puolikarhut) |--o Potosini [incl. Bassericyoninae] (kissafretit)? | |-- †Bassaricyonoides | `--+-- †Parapotos | `--+-- Potos flavus [Potosinae] (kinkaju) | `--o Bassaricyon ()? | |-- B. gabbii (gabbinolingo, gabbinkissafretti) | |-- B. pauli (Chiriqui Olingo) | |-- B. lasius (Harris' olingo) | |-- B. beddardi (Olingo) | `-- B. alleni (alleninolingo, alleninkissafretti) `--o Procyonini |--o Bassariscus Coues, 1887 ()? | |-- †B. antiqus Matthew & Cook, 1909 | |-- †B. parvus Hall, 1927 | |-- †B. ogallalae Hibbard, 1933 | |-- †B. casei Hibbard, 1952 | |-- †B. minimus Baskin, 2004 | |-- B. astutus (Lichtenstein, 1830) (kissafretti) | `-- B. sumichrasti (Saussure, 1860) (meksikonkissafretti) `--+--o †Probassariscus matthewi (Merriam, 1911) Merriam, 1911 [Probassariscus antiquus matthewi Merriam, 1911; Probassariscus matthewi Merriam, 1916 (in partim); Bassariscus (Probassariscus) antiquus Matthew & Cook, 1909; Hall, 1927 (in partim); Rhapsodus tedfordi Linares, 1982; Probassariscus antiquus (Matthew & Cook); Baskin, 1989 (in partim); Probassariscus matthewi (Merriam) Baskin, 1998] `--+--o †Edaphocyon Wilson, 1960 | |?- ?†E. palmeri | |-- †E. lautus Baskin, 1982 | `-- †E. pointblankensis Wilson, 1960 `--+--o †“Cyonasuaini” | |--o †Arctonasua Baskin, 1982 | | |-- †A. floridana Baskin, 1982 | | |-- †A. minima Baskin, 1982 | | |-- †A. gracilis Baskin, 1982 | | |-- †A. eurybates Baskin, 1982 | | `-- †A. fricki Baskin, 1982 | `--+-- †Cyonasua argentina [Pacynasua] | `--+--o †Amphinasua | | |-- †A. brevirostris | | |-- †A. groeberi | | |-- †A. pascuali | | `-- †A. lutaria | `--+-- †Brachynasua | `-- †Chapalmalania `--+-- †Protoprocyon savagei Linares, 1982 [Lichnocyon phoenicus Baskin, 1982] `--+-- †Paranasua biradica Baskin, 1982 `--+--o Nasua ()? | |-- N. nasua (punakoati) | `--o N. narica (valkonenäkoati+cozumelinkoati) | |-- N. n. nelsoni ()? | `-- N. n. narica ()? `--o Procyon ()? |-- (Euprocyon) cancrivorus (ravunsyöjasupi) `--o (Procyon) |-- P. (P.) lotor (pesukarhu) |-- P. (P.) insularis (tresmariasinsupi) |-- P. (P.) maynardi (Bahama raccoon) |-- P. (P.) pygmaeus (cozumelinsupi) |-- P. (P.) minor (guadaloupensupi) `-- P. (P.) gloveralleni (barbadosinsupi)
Procyonidae incertae sedis:
†Brachnasua Nasuella olivacea (vuorikoati)
After Baskin, 1982, 1989<==o Procyonidae (puolikarhut) |?- †Broiliana nobilis |?- †Angustictis `--+--o Bassericyoninae [incl. Potosinae] (kissafretit)? | |?- †Bassaricyonoides | |?- †Parapotos | |--o †Probassariscus Merriam, 1911 | | `-- †P. matthewi (Merriam, 1911) [Probassariscus antiquus matthewi Merriam, 1911; Probassariscus matthewi Merriam, 1916 (in partim); Bassariscus (Probassariscus) antiquus Matthew & Cook, 1909; Hall, 1927 (in partim); Rhapsodus tedfordi Linares, 1982; Probassariscus antiquus (Matthew & Cook); Baskin, 1989 (in partim); Probassariscus matthewi (Merriam) Baskin, 1998] | |-- †Pseudobassaris | `--+--o Bassariscus Coues, 1887 ()? | | |-- †B. antiqus Matthew & Cook, 1909 | | |-- †B. parvus Hall, 1927 | | |-- †B. ogallalae Hibbard, 1933 | | |-- †B. casei Hibbard, 1952 | | |-- †B. minimus Baskin, 2004 | | |-- B. astutus (Lichtenstein, 1830) (kissafretti) | | `-- B. sumichrasti (Saussure, 1860) (meksikonkissafretti) | `--+-- Potos flavus [Potosinae] (kinkaju) | `--o Bassaricyon ()? | |-- B. gabbii (gabbinolingo, gabbinkissafretti) | |-- B. pauli (Chiriqui Olingo) | |-- B. lasius (Harris' olingo) | |-- B. beddardi (Olingo) | `-- B. alleni (alleninolingo, alleninkissafretti) `--+-- Ailurinae [Ailuridae] (pikkupandat) [Alternative position, see Arctoidea] `--o Procyoninae Gray, 1825 sensu Baskin, 1982? (varsinaiset puolikarhut) |?-o †Edaphocyon Wilson, 1960 | |-- †E. lautus Baskin, 1982 | `-- †E. pointblankensis Wilson, 1960 `--+--o †“Cyonasuaini” | |--o †Arctonasua Baskin, 1982 | | |-- †A. floridana Baskin, 1982 | | |-- †A. minima Baskin, 1982 | | |-- †A. gracilis Baskin, 1982 | | |-- †A. eurybates Baskin, 1982 | | `-- †A. fricki Baskin, 1982 | `--+-- †Cyonasua argentina [Pacynasua] | `--+--o †Amphinasua | | |-- †A. brevirostris | | |-- †A. groeberi | | |-- †A. pascuali | | `-- †A. lutaria | `--+-- †Brachynasua | `-- †Chapalmalania `--+-- †Protoprocyon savagei Linares, 1982 [Lichnocyon phoenicus Baskin, 1982] `--o “Procyonini” Gray, 1825 ()? |-- †Paranasua biradica Baskin, 1982 `--+--o Nasua ()? | |-- N. nasua (punakoati) | `--o N. narica (valkonenäkoati+cozumelinkoati) | |-- N. n. nelsoni ()? | `-- N. n. narica ()? `--+-- †Chapalmalania `--+--o Procyon ()? | |-- (Euprocyon) cancrivorus (ravunsyöjasupi) | `--o (Procyon) | |-- P. (P.) lotor (pesukarhu) | |-- P. (P.) insularis (tresmariasinsupi) | |-- P. (P.) maynardi (Bahama raccoon) | |-- P. (P.) pygmaeus (cozumelinsupi) | |-- P. (P.) minor (guadaloupensupi) | `-- P. (P.) gloveralleni (barbadosinsupi) `--+-- †Brachnasua `-- Nasuella olivacea (vuorikoati) |
After McKenna & Bell, 1997<==o Procyonidae (puolikarhut) |-- †Brachynasua |-- †Chapalmalania |-- †Edaphocyon |-- †Parailurus |?- †Plesictis [Mustelavus] [non-Procyonidae Mustelida Wang, McKenna & Dashzeveg, 2005] |-- †Sivanasua [Ailuravus, Schlossericyon] |-- †Zodiolestes deimonelixensis |?- †Cyarctinae |-- Potos [Potosinae] `--o Procyoninae |-- Bassariscus |-- †Edaphocyon Wilson, 1960 |--o †“Cyonasuaini” | |-- †Cyonasua [Amphinasua; ?Chapalmalania; Pacynasua] | `-- †Arctonasua Baskin, 1982 |--o “Bassericyonini” | |-- †Protoprocyon [Lichnocyon] | `-o Bassaricyon `--o “Procyonini” |-- †Paranasua |-- Nasua |-- Nasuella `--o Procyon |-- (Euprocyon) `-- (Procyon) |
Reference(s):
- Baskin, J. A. 1982: Tertiary Procyoninae (Mammalia: Carnivora) of North America.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 2, #1, pp. 71-93. - Baskin, J. A., 1989: Comments on New World Tertiary Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 9, #1, pp. 110-117 - Baskin, J. A., 2004: Bassariscus and Probassariscus (Mammalia, Carnivora, Procyonidae) from the Early Barstovian (Middle Miocene). –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #3, pp. 709-720
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629