After Novas, 1996, Ezcurra, 2010, and Martinez et al., 2011
Alternative phylogeny of basal theropods after Smith, Makovicky, Hammer & Currie, 2007
Family-level phylogeny of non-avian theropods after Paul, 1988
Family-level phylogeny of non-avian theropods after Holtz, 1998, and Sereno, 1999.
<==o Dinosauria Owen, 1842 (dinosaurs; dinosaurit, dinosaurukset, hirmuliskot) |-- †Ornithischia Seeley, 1888 (bird-hipped dinosaurs, ornithischians; linnunlanteiset dinosaurit) `--o Saurischia Seeley, 1887 (lizard-hipped dinosaurs; saurischians; liskonlanteiset dinosaurit) |--o †Sauropodomorpha Huene, 1932 (sauropodomorphs, long-necked plant-eating dinosaurs; pitkäkaulat) | |--o †Guaibasauridae Bonaparte, Ferigolo & Ribeiro, 1999 sensu Ezcurra, 2010 | | |?- †Agnostiphitys cromhallensis Fraser, Padian, Walkden & Davis, 2002 | | |-- †Eoraptor lunensis Sereno, Forster, Rogers & Monetta, 1993 sensu Martinez et al., 2011 | | |-- †Pampadromaeus barberenai Cabreira, Schultz, Bittencourt, Soares, Fortier, Silva & Langer, 2011 | | |-- †Panphagia protos Martinez & Alcober, 2009; L.Trias. SAm. | | |-- †Guaibasaurus candelariensis Bonaparte, Ferigolo & Ribeiro, 1999; L.Trias. SAm. | | `--o †Saturnaliinae Ezcurra, 2010 | | |-- †Chromogisaurus novasi Ezcurra, 2010; L.Trias. SAm. | | `-- †Saturnalia tupiniquim Langer, Abdala, Richter & Benton, 1999; L.Trias. SAm. | `-- †Sauropodiformes Martinez et al., 2011 `--o Theropoda Marsh, 1881b (theropods; predatory dinosaurs; petojalat, petodinosaurit) |--o †Herrarasauria sensu Sereno & Novas, 1992, 1994 and Novas, 1994, 1996 [Herreravia Paul, 1988] (herrerasaurs; herrerasaurit) | |-- †Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970 [Staurikosauridae Colbert, 1970] | `--o †Herrerasauridae Reig, 1963 [non Benedetto, 1973] | |?- †Alwalkeria maleriensis (Chatterjee, 1986) [Walkeria Chatterjee, 1986] | |-- †Sanjuansaurus gordilloi Alcober & Martínez, 2010 | |-- †Aliwalia rex Galton, 1985 | |-- †Chindesaurus bryansmalli Murray & Long, 1985 [?non Small, 1984] | `-- †Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963 [Frenguellisaurus ischigualastensis Novas, 1986, Ischisaurus cattoi Reig, 1963] `--+-- †Eodromaeus murphi Martinez et al., 2011; M.Trias. SWSAm. `--+-- †Daemonosaurus chauliodus Sues, Nesbitt, Berman & Henrici, 2011; L.Trias. SWNAm. `--+-- †Tawa hallae Nesbitt, Smith, Irmis, Turner, Downs & Norell, 2009; L.Trias. SWNAm. `--o Avepoda Paul, 2002 (avepods) `--o Neotheropoda (neotheropods) |?- †Protoavis texensis Chatterjee, 1991 |-- †Ceratosauria Marsh, 1884a (ceratosaurs; keratosaurit, vanhapetodinosaurit) `-- Tetanurae Gauthier, 1986 [incl. Aves Linnaeus, 1758] (advanced predatory dinosaurs; uuspetodinosaurit)
Some group-defenitions:
- Dinosauria Owen, 1842 = Last common ancester of †Triceratops and Passer, and all it's decendants
- Ornithischia Seeley, 1888 = All dinosaurs closer to †Triceratops than †Diplodocus or Passer and possessing predentate-bone and retroverted pubis.
- Saurischia Seeley, 1887 = The last common ancester of †Diplodocus and Passer and all it's decendants.
- Theropoda Marsh, 1881b = All dinosaurs closer to Passer than †Diplodocus.
- Avepoda Paul, 2002 = All theropods with tridactyl foot.
- Neotheropoda = Last common ancester of †Coelophysis and Passer and all it's descendants.
- Ceratosauria Marsh, 1884a sensu Gauthier, 1986 = all theropods closer to †Ceratosaurus than to Passer.
- Tetanurae Gauthier, 1986 = All theropods closer to Passer than to †Ceratosaurus
Alternative phylogenies of basal dinosaurs:
After Baron, Norman & Barrett, 2017<==o Dinosauria |--o Saurischia | |--o †Herrarasauridae | | |-- †Staurikosaurus | | `--+-- †Herrerasaurus | | `--+-- †Sanjuansaurus | | `-- †Chindesaurus | `--o †Sauropodomorpha | |-- †Saturnalia | |-- †Pampadromaeus | `--+-- †Guaibasaurus | |-- †Panphagia | |-- †Efraasia | |-- †Pantydrago | |-- †Thecodontosaurus | `-- †Plateosauria `--o Ornithoscelida |--o †Ornithischia | |-- †Pisanosaurus | `--+-- †Heterodontosauridae | `--+-- †Eocursor | `--+-- †Cerapoda | `--+-- †Lesothosaurus | `--+-- †Laquintasaura | `-- †Thyreophora `--o Theropoda |-- †Eoraptor `--+-- †Eodromaeus |-- †Tawa hallae `-- Avepoda / Neotheropoda Reference(s):
|
After Novas, 1996<==o Dinosauria |-- †Ornithischia `--o Saurischia |-- †Sauropodomorpha `--o Theropoda |-- †Eoraptor `--+-- †Herrarasauria `--+?- †Guaibasaurus `--o Avepoda `--o Neotheropoda |-- †Ceratosauria `-- Tetanurae |
After Carrano & Sampson, 1999<==o Dinosauria |-- †Ornithischia `--o Saurischia |-- †Sauropodomorpha `--o Theropoda |?- †Eoraptor |?- †Herrarasauria `--+-- †Guaibasaurus `--o Neotheropoda |?- †Rileyasuchus |-- †Coelophysoidea `--+-- †Neoceratosauria `-- Tetanurae |
After Langer, 2001, Yates, 2005, and Ferigolo & Langer, 2006<==o Dinosauria |--o †“Predentata” | |-- †Silesaurus | `--+-- †Sacisaurus | `-- †Ornithischia `--o Saurischia |-- †Herrarasauria `--+-- †Eoraptor `--o Eusaurischia |--+-- †Saturnalia | `-- †Sauropodomorpha `--o Theropoda |-- †Guaibasaurus `--o Neotheropoda |?- †Protoavis |-- †Coelophysoidea `--+-- †Neoceratosauria `-- Tetanurae |
After Martinez et al., 2011<==o Dinosauromorpha |-- †Lagerpetidae `--+-- †Marasuchus `--+-- †Silesauridae `--o Dinosauria |-- †Ornithischia `--o Saurischia |--o †Sauropodomorpha | |-- †Sauropodiformes | `--+-- †Eoraptor | |-- †Panphagia | `-- †Saturnalia `--o Theropoda |-- †Herrarasauria `--+-- †Eudromaeus `--+--o †Coelophysoidea | |-- †Tawa | `== “other coelophysoids” `--+-- †Neoceratosauria `-- Tetanurae |
Reference(s):
- Alcober, O. & Martínez, R., 2010: A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina.
–Zookeys: Vol. 63, #0, pp. (55-81) [doi: 10.3897/zookeys.63.550] - Benton, M. J., 1990: Origin and interrelationships of Dinosaurs. 11-30
in Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., & Osmólska, H. (eds.), 1990: The Dinosauria.
–University of California Press, Berkley, Los Angeles, Oxford, 1990 xvi-733 - Cabreira, S., Schultz, C., Bittencourt, J., Soares, M., Fortier, D., Silva, L. & Langer, M., 2011: New stem-sauropodomorph (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Triassic of Brazil.
–Naturwissenschaften: Vol. 98, #12, pp. 1035-1040 [doi: 10.1007/s00114-011-0858-0] - Fraser, N. C., Padian, K., Walkden, G. M. & Davis, A. L. M., 2002: Basal dinosauriform remains from Britain and the diagnosis of the Dinosauria.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 45, #1, pp. 79-95 - Keesey, T. M., 1996-2000: The Dinosauricon
–iNet: The Dinosauricon: http://dinosauricon.com/ - Martinez, R. N., Sereno, P. C., Alcober, O. A., Colombi, C. E., Renne, P. R., Montañez, I. P. & Currie, B. S., 2011: A basal dinosaur from the dawn of the dinosaur era in southwestern Pangaea.
–Science: Vol. 311, pp. 206-210 (with subblement 01-28) [doi: 10.1126/science.1198467] - Nesbitt, S. J., Smith, N. D., Irmis, R. B., Turner, A. H., Downs, A. & Norell, M. A., 2009: A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of dinosaurs.
–Science: Vol. 326, pp. 1530-1533 [doi: 10.1126/science.1180350] - Novas, F. E. 1996: Dinosaur monophyly.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 16, #4, pp. 723-741 - Novas, F. E. 1994: New Information on the Systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 13, #4, pp. 400-423. - Paul, G. S., 1988: The Predatory Dinosaurs of the World.
–Simon and Schuster Co., New York, 1988, pp. 1-464 - Paul, G. S., 2002: Dinosaurs of the Air: the Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2002, ix-460 - Sereno, P. C. 1991: Basal Archosaurs: phylogenetic relationships and functional implications.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 11, Supplement to #4, Memoir 2, pp. ii-53 - Sereno, P. C., 1999: The evolution of dinosaurs.
–Science: Vol. 284, 25 June, pp. 2137-2147 - Sereno, P. C., Forster, C. A., Rogers, R. R. & Monetta, A. M., 1993: Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria.
–Nature: Vol. 361, pp. 64-66 - Sues, H.-D., 1990: Staurikosaurus and Herrerasauridae. 143-150
in Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., & Osmólska, H. (eds.), 1990: The Dinosauria.
–University of California Press, Berkley, Los Angeles, Oxford, 1990 xvi-733 - Sues, H.-D., Nesbitt, S. J., Berman, D. S. & Henrici, A. C., 2011: A late-surviving basal theropod dinosaur from the latest Triassic of North America.
–Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: Vol. 278, #1723, pp. 3459-3464 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0410]