With Finland striving to meet its carbon neutrality goals, the demand for renewable energy is increasing. However, large-scale energy infrastructure can negatively affect biodiversity and communities. This research identifies these conflicts and supports the development of offshore wind in a just and sustainable manner.
In his doctoral study Jamie Jenkins found that offshore wind could be a viable technology for Finland's renewable energy transition but there are conflicting impacts on society, stakeholders and the various dimensions of sustainability. Examples of positive impacts include clean, renewable electricity, national energy security, job creation, and the development of training and education programs. Examples of negative impacts include disruption of the seabed, impacts on marine biodiversity and habitats, collision risk for birds and bats, and chemical leakage.
“A range of solutions was found to support the sustainable development of offshore wind, including clarifying the permitting and licensing framework while retaining a strong and robust environmental impact assessment process, ensuring adequate and meaningful stakeholder engagement to identify and overcome possible impacts, and supporting the development and research of complementary technologies,” says Jenkins, from the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry.
According to Jenkins, streamlining and harmonising the policy framework across all water bodies, while retaining a high-quality environmental impact assessment process, is essential
for minimising impacts and supporting balanced development. He also emphasizes that engaging affected stakeholders in a meaningful way can limit the social and environmental impacts of development and support a just transition. Additionally, complementary technologies such as storage solutions can minimize the impact of variability and fluctuations in wind conditions.
“In practical terms, the findings can aid informed decision-making for policymakers, developers, and stakeholders involved in wind power development. The research process also facilitated stakeholder collaboration and communication, promoting a shared understanding of offshore wind prospects. As interest in offshore wind grows, this research provides valuable insights to support informed decision-making,” says Jenkins.
Jamie Jenkins’s doctoral thesis "Offshore Wind 2035 – Pathways for Renewable Energy Transition in Finland" was examined on 17 January 2025 in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki. Associate Professor Mikaela Vasstrøm, University of Agder, served as the opponent, and Kari Hyytiäinen as the custos. The dissertation is also available in electronic form in Helda.