Skip to main content
  • News
    • News and press releases
    • War in Ukraine
    • Think Corner
    • Events
    • Unitube - videos and live streams
    • Press and media services
    • Newsletters
    • University on social media
    Shortcuts
    • A Fair Society
    • Human-centric Technology
    • Climate Change and Biodiversity
    • The Future of Education
    • A Healthier World
  • Admissions and education
    • Search for programmes and courses
    • Apply to bachelor's and master's programmes
    • Apply to doctoral programmes
    • For international students
    • Open university
    • Apply for exchange and visiting studies
    • Continuous learning
    • Education
    • Apply to supplementary studies
    • Contact us
    Shortcuts
    • Apply to international Master's Programmes
    • Tuition fees and scholarship programme
    • Contact Admission Services
    • Chat with our students
    • Open online courses or MOOCs
  • Research

    Explore our research, our research units, services for researchers and our top-notch research infrastructures.

    • Find a researcher
    • Research units
    • Strategic research
    • Top research
    • Doctoral education
    • Research integrity
    • Services for researchers
    Shortcuts
    • Faculties, research centres and institutes, research groups
    • Funding your doctoral research
    • University-funded doctoral candidate positions
    • What are doctoral studies like?
    • Innovations and commercialisation of research
  • Innovations and cooperation

    Innovations, services and collaboration opportunities for researchers, businesses, alumni and donors.

    • Innovations and entrepreneurship
    • Support us
    • For alumni
    • Decision-makers
    • International cooperation
    • Visit us
    Shortcuts
    • Make a donation
    • Join the alumni community
    • Alumni events
    • Business collaboration and partnership
  • About us
    • This is the University of Helsinki
    • Strategy, economy and quality
    • Sustainability and responsibility
    • Careers
    • People
    • Archive and registration services
    • Processing of data at the University
    • Attractions
    • International university
    • Book a venue
    Shortcuts
    • Contact information and opening hours
    • People finder
    • University management
    • The University of Helsinki in numbers
    • Success in university rankings
    • Festivities and traditions
  • Faculties and units
    • Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry
    • Faculty of Arts
    • Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences
    • Faculty of Educational Sciences
    • Faculty of Law
    • Faculty of Medicine
    • Faculty of Pharmacy
    • Faculty of Science
    • Faculty of Social Sciences
    • Faculty of Theology
    • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
    • Swedish School of Social Science
Home
  • News
      News
    • News and press releases
    • War in Ukraine
    • Think Corner
    • Events
    • Unitube - videos and live streams
    • Press and media services
        Press and media services
      • Find an expert
      • Image bank for media
      • Communications for press and media
      • For international film crews
    • Newsletters
    • University on social media
        University on social media
      • Social media guidelines
    • Shortcuts
      • A Fair Society
      • Human-centric Technology
      • Climate Change and Biodiversity
      • The Future of Education
      • A Healthier World
  • Admissions and education
      Admissions and education
    • Search for programmes and courses
        Search for programmes and courses
      • Search degree programmes
      • Search open university courses
    • Apply to bachelor's and master's programmes
        Apply to bachelor's and master's programmes
      • What can you study with us?
      • Apply to Bachelor's Programme in Science
          Apply to Bachelor's Programme in Science
        • FAQ on applying
        • Required application enclosures
        • Proving your English language skills
        • Point tables
        • Guide for accepted and rejected applicants
      • Apply to International Master's programmes
          Apply to International Master's programmes
        • Explore our International Master's programmes
        • How to apply
        • Proving your English language skills
        • Required application attachments - International master's programmes
            Required application attachments - International master's programmes
          • Country-specific requirements - Master's admissions
        • Applicable studies explained
        • Webinar for applicants
        • After submitting your application
        • Guide for accepted and rejected applicants
        • Scoring per application number
        • International Master's Programmes F.A.Q.
      • Eligibility to higher education
      • Accepting an offer of admission
          Accepting an offer of admission
        • Applicants on a reserve list
      • Application attachments
          Application attachments
        • Electronically verified enclosures
        • Conditionally accepted applicants
            Conditionally accepted applicants
          • Service for presenting original documents in person
        • FAQ on application enclosures
      • Registration for the academic year
      • Tuition fees and scholarship programme
          Tuition fees and scholarship programme
        • FAQ tuition fees and scholarships
      • Restrictions on admission
      • Statistics on student admissions
      • Joint degree programmes
    • Apply to doctoral programmes
        Apply to doctoral programmes
      • How to apply to doctoral programmes
      • Doctoral school and doctoral programmes
          Doctoral school and doctoral programmes
        • Doctoral programmes in environmental, food and biological sciences
            Doctoral programmes in environmental, food and biological sciences
          • Doctoral Programme in Food Chain and Health
              Doctoral Programme in Food Chain and Health
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Interdisciplinary Environmental Sciences
              Doctoral Programme in Interdisciplinary Environmental Sciences
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Microbiology and Biotechnology
              Doctoral Programme in Microbiology and Biotechnology
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Plant Sciences
              Doctoral Programme in Plant Sciences
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Sustainable Use of Renewable Natural Resources
              Doctoral Programme in Sustainable Use of Renewable Natural Resources
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Wildlife Biology
              Doctoral Programme in Wildlife Biology
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
        • Doctoral programmes in health sciences
            Doctoral programmes in health sciences
          • Doctoral Programme Brain & Mind
              Doctoral Programme Brain & Mind
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine
              Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research
              Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Clinical Veterinary Medicine
              Doctoral Programme in Clinical Veterinary Medicine
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Drug Research
              Doctoral Programme in Drug Research
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Human Behaviour
              Doctoral Programme in Human Behaviour
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Integrative Life Science
              Doctoral Programme in Integrative Life Science
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Oral Sciences
              Doctoral Programme in Oral Sciences
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Population Health
              Doctoral Programme in Population Health
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
        • Doctoral programmes in humanities and social sciences
            Doctoral programmes in humanities and social sciences
          • Doctoral Programme in Cognition, Learning, Instruction and Communication
              Doctoral Programme in Cognition, Learning, Instruction and Communication
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Economics
              Doctoral Programme in Economics
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Gender, Culture and Society
              Doctoral Programme in Gender, Culture and Society
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in History and Cultural Heritage
              Doctoral Programme in History and Cultural Heritage
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Language Studies
              Doctoral Programme in Language Studies
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Law
              Doctoral Programme in Law
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Philosophy, Arts and Society
              Doctoral Programme in Philosophy, Arts and Society
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Political, Societal, and Regional Changes
              Doctoral Programme in Political, Societal, and Regional Changes
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in School, Education, Society and Culture
              Doctoral Programme in School, Education, Society and Culture
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences
              Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Theology and Religious Studies
              Doctoral Programme in Theology and Religious Studies
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
        • Doctoral programmes in natural sciences
            Doctoral programmes in natural sciences
          • Doctoral Programme in Atmospheric Sciences
              Doctoral Programme in Atmospheric Sciences
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
              Doctoral Programme in Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Computer Science
              Doctoral Programme in Computer Science
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Geosciences
              Doctoral Programme in Geosciences
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Materials Research and Nanoscience
              Doctoral Programme in Materials Research and Nanoscience
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Mathematics and Statistics
              Doctoral Programme in Mathematics and Statistics
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
          • Doctoral Programme in Particle Physics and Universe Sciences
              Doctoral Programme in Particle Physics and Universe Sciences
            • Profile & activities
            • Admissions to doctoral studies
            • Employment as a doctoral researcher
            • Contacts & supervision
      • Proving your language skills for doctoral education
      • Application enclosures for doctoral admissions
          Application enclosures for doctoral admissions
        • Country specific requirements
      • Filling and submitting the application
      • After submitting your application
      • Information for accepted applicants
      • Information for rejected applicants
      • Statistics
    • For international students
        For international students
      • 10 reasons to study with us
      • Studies available in English
      • Chat with our students
      • Student life in Helsinki
          Student life in Helsinki
        • Benefits and services for students
        • Cost of living and financial matters
        • Helsinki as a student city
      • Student stories
      • Studying in Finland
    • Open university
        Open university
      • Open university studies by degree programme
          Open university studies by degree programme
        • Ag­ri­cul­tural, Environ­mental and Re­source Eco­nom­ics
        • Area and Cultural Studies
        • Art Studies
            Art Studies
          • Film and tele­vi­sion stud­ies
        • Atmospheric Sciences
        • BSC Studies
        • Changing Education
        • Computer Science
        • Contemporary Societies
        • Economics
        • English Studies
        • Environmental Change and Global Sustainability
        • European and Nordic Studies
        • Finnish language and fenno-ugrian languages and cultures Studies
        • Gender stud­ies
        • Languages and Literatures of Finland
            Languages and Literatures of Finland
          • Suomen kielen opinnot
          • Finnish for foreigners
        • Linguistic diversity and digital humanities
        • Methodology Studies
        • Philosophy Studies
        • Russian Studies
        • Society and Change
            Society and Change
          • Development Studies
          • Social and cultural anthropology Studies
        • Student's digital skills and Sustainability course
        • Theology and Religious Studies
            Theology and Religious Studies
          • Islamic Theology Study Track
        • University of Helsinki Doctoral School Studies
      • Open university studies by theme
      • Open online courses or MOOCs
      • Introductory courses
      • Multidisciplinary themed modules
          Multidisciplinary themed modules
        • Artificial Intelligence Collection
        • Climate Change
        • Full Stack
      • Preliminary information about upcoming courses
      • Open university enrolment and fees
          Open university enrolment and fees
        • Open university enrolment and payment terms
        • Open University courses free of charge for the citizens of Ukraine
      • Open university in brief
    • Apply for exchange and visiting studies
    • Continuous learning
    • Education
        Education
      • Celebrating teaching in 2022–2023
      • Teacher's academy
          Teacher's academy
        • How is excellent teaching defined?
        • Scholarship of teaching
        • Mem­bers of Teach­ers' Academy
            Mem­bers of Teach­ers' Academy
          • New Teachers' Academy members 2022
        • Board of the Teachers' Academy
      • What is university teaching like?
      • Quality and development of teaching
      • Education in Finland
    • Apply to supplementary studies
        Apply to supplementary studies
      • Flexible study rights (JOO)
      • Information for immigrants
      • Non-degree studies
      • Studies providing qualifications for teacher professions
          Studies providing qualifications for teacher professions
        • How to apply to Pedagogical studies in English (STEP)
            How to apply to Pedagogical studies in English (STEP)
          • Proving your language skills for STEP studies
      • Professional specialisation education
    • Contact us
        Contact us
      • Contact Admission Services
          Contact Admission Services
        • FAQ about applying
      • International representatives
      • Studying guidance for immigrants
          Studying guidance for immigrants
        • Applicants with refugee status
      • Contact open university
    • Shortcuts
      • Apply to international Master's Programmes
      • Tuition fees and scholarship programme
      • Contact Admission Services
      • Chat with our students
      • Open online courses or MOOCs
  • Research
      Research
    • Find a researcher
    • Research units
        Research units
      • Faculties and field-specific units
      • Research centres, communities and institutes
      • Research groups
      • Research field stations
          Research field stations
        • Services at research stations
    • Strategic research
        Strategic research
      • Flagships
      • Profile building areas
    • Top research
        Top research
      • Academy Professors
      • Highly cited researchers
      • ERC funded projects and researchers
          ERC funded projects and researchers
        • Starting Grants
        • Consolidator Grants
        • Advanced Grants
        • Synergy Grants
      • Centres of Excellence
    • Doctoral education
        Doctoral education
      • What are doctoral studies like?
          What are doctoral studies like?
        • Doctoral thesis awards
      • How to fund a doctorate?
      • University-funded doctoral researcher positions
      • Welcome to the public examination
    • Research integrity
        Research integrity
      • Open science
      • Data protection in research
      • Development of research infrastructures
      • Research ethics
          Research ethics
        • Responsible conduct of research
        • Research ethics committees
      • Animals in research
    • Services for researchers
        Services for researchers
      • Self-archiving
      • Publication fees
      • Data Support
          Data Support
        • Research data management
        • DMP review service
        • Long-term preservation of research datasets
        • RDM courses & workshops
        • RDM tools & services
            RDM tools & services
          • Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs)
      • Research infrastructures
      • Research funding
      • Business collaboration
      • Impact of research
      • Commercialisation of research and invention disclosures
      • Ethical review of research
          Ethical review of research
        • Humanities, social sciences and behavioural sciences
        • Natural, Biological, Environmental Sciences and Engineering
        • Research on animals
        • Medical research
    • Shortcuts
      • Faculties, research centres and institutes, research groups
      • Funding your doctoral research
      • University-funded doctoral candidate positions
      • What are doctoral studies like?
      • Innovations and commercialisation of research
  • Innovations and cooperation
      Innovations and cooperation
    • Innovations and entrepreneurship
        Innovations and entrepreneurship
      • Incubator and entrepreneurship services
          Incubator and entrepreneurship services
        • HELSEED startup programme
      • Commercialisation of research
      • Business collaboration and partnership
          Business collaboration and partnership
        • Research cooperation and innovation
        • Benefit from the expertise of our students
        • Training and development services
        • Partnership Program
        • Science and Business in Dialogue network
      • Innovation events
      • Contact information
    • Support us
        Support us
      • Funds and campaigns you can support
          Funds and campaigns you can support
        • New solutions for cancer treatment
        • Climate research
        • Our Beloved Baltic Sea
        • Canine health research
      • Ways to donate
          Ways to donate
        • Anniversary fundraising campaign
        • Your legacy for science
        • Donated professorships
      • Giving Day
      • Community of donors
      • Club Giraffe
      • Contact our fundraising team
    • For alumni
        For alumni
      • Join the alumni community
      • Alumni benefits
      • Alumni groups
      • For recent graduates
      • Contact our alumni team
    • Decision-makers
        Decision-makers
      • #ResearchMatters
      • The University of Helsinki’s vision for the next Finnish government term 2023–2027
    • International cooperation
        International cooperation
      • International research training cooperation
          International research training cooperation
        • International education projects
            International education projects
          • Integration of international staff
      • Networks and strategic partnerships
          Networks and strategic partnerships
        • Mobility partners
      • Global impact
          Global impact
        • Focus Africa
        • Focus Arctic
        • Focus China
      • Research with global reach
      • Education with global reach
      • International staff exchange weeks
    • Visit us
    • Shortcuts
      • Make a donation
      • Join the alumni community
      • Alumni events
      • Business collaboration and partnership
  • About us
      About us
    • This is the University of Helsinki
        This is the University of Helsinki
      • The university in numbers
      • Campuses
          Campuses
        • City Centre Campus
        • Kumpula campus
        • Meilahti campus
        • Viikki campus
        • Guide for visitors
      • Contact details
          Contact details
        • Opening hours
        • University of Helsinki invoicing details
      • Organisation
      • Success in university rankings
      • Special duties
      • Festivities and traditions
          Festivities and traditions
        • Anniversary celebration
            Anniversary celebration
          • Anniversary celebration 2022
          • Anniversary celebration 2021
        • Opening ceremony of the academic year
            Opening ceremony of the academic year
          • Opening ceremony 2023
          • Opening ceremony 2022
          • Opening ceremony 2021
        • The inaugural lectures of the new professors
        • The conferment ceremony
      • Bilingual university
      • Annual Reviews
      • Three core duties
      • History
          History
        • Suomen Keisarillinen Aleksanterin Yliopisto
        • Helsingin yliopisto 1917 alkaen
    • Strategy, economy and quality
        Strategy, economy and quality
      • Strategic Plan 2021–2030
          Strategic Plan 2021–2030
        • Values
        • Strategic choices
        • Themes
        • Where will we be in 2030?
        • Strategic Plan
      • Quality management
      • University finances
          University finances
        • Key financial figures
        • Financial statements
        • Securities investment
            Securities investment
          • Re­spons­ib­il­ity in in­vest­ment
        • University of Helsinki Group
            University of Helsinki Group
          • Contact information, Helsinki University Properties LTD
          • Contect details for financial services
        • Financial decision-making
        • University of Helsinki Research Found­a­tion
            University of Helsinki Research Found­a­tion
          • Research Foundation investment plan
    • Sustainability and responsibility
        Sustainability and responsibility
      • Development and monitoring of sustainability and responsibility efforts
      • Sustainability research
      • Sustainability in education
      • Sustainable partnerships
      • Sustainable and equal campus
          Sustainable and equal campus
        • Living within the planetary boundaries at the University
        • Socially sustainable everyday life at the University
        • Culturally sustainable everyday life at the University
        • Responsible finances
        • Accessibility
      • Take part in the promotion of sustainability
      • Ethical Guidelines
      • Contact persons for sustainability and responsibility at the University
    • Careers
        Careers
      • Expert and service careers
      • Academic careers
          Academic careers
        • Academic career opportunities
        • Career model for university lecturers and clinical instructors
        • University of Helsinki tenure track
      • Open positions
          Open positions
        • Summer jobs
        • Employment programme for people with disabilities
        • Trainee programme for international masters students
        • Instructions for our recruitment system
        • Instructions for the applicants of teaching and research positions
        • Recruitment process
        • Recruitment privacy statement
      • Why University of Helsinki
          Why University of Helsinki
        • Being a responsible employer
        • DigiHub
        • Staff benefits
      • Why Helsinki
      • Why Finland
      • Information for arriving international staff
          Information for arriving international staff
        • Each one reach one: Unibuddies for a term
      • Welcoming the spouses
    • People
        People
      • People finder
      • University management
          University management
        • Rector, vice-rectors and unit management
        • The Board
        • Chancellor
      • Researchers and teach­ers
          Researchers and teach­ers
        • Professors
        • Professors of practice
        • Docents
      • Students
      • University Services
      • Nobel laureates and other award recipients
      • Honorary doctors
    • Archive and registration services
    • Processing of data at the University
        Processing of data at the University
      • Whistleblower
      • Description of document publicity
      • Data protection
    • Attractions
    • International university
    • Book a venue
    • Shortcuts
      • Contact information and opening hours
      • People finder
      • University management
      • The University of Helsinki in numbers
      • Success in university rankings
      • Festivities and traditions
  • Faculties and units
      Faculties and units
    • Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry
    • Faculty of Arts
    • Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences
    • Faculty of Educational Sciences
    • Faculty of Law
    • Faculty of Medicine
    • Faculty of Pharmacy
    • Faculty of Science
    • Faculty of Social Sciences
    • Faculty of Theology
    • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
    • Swedish School of Social Science
Support us
Unitube Unitube is the University of Helsinki's own video publishing channel, through which university community members publish video recordings of research, teaching and university activities.
P.O. Box 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3) 00014 University of Helsinki Switchboard: +358 (0) 2941 911 (mobile call charge / local network charge)