– Our most important observation was that patients with Parkinson’s have much less bacteria from the Prevotellaceaefamily; unlike the control group, practically no one in the patient group had a large quantity of bacteria from this family, states DMSc Filip Scheperjans, neurologist at the Helsinki University Hospital (HUCH).
The researchers have not yet determined what the lack of Prevotellaceae bacteria in Parkinson's sufferers means – do these bacteria perhaps have a property which protects their host from the disease? Or does this discovery merely indicate that intestinal dysfunction is part of the pathology?
– It’s an interesting question which we are trying to answer, Scheperjans says.
Another interesting discovery was that the amount of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family in the intestine was connected to the degree of severity of balance and walking problems in the patients. The more Enterobacteriaceae they had, the more severe the symptoms.
– We are currently re-examining these same subjects to determine whether the differences are permanent and whether intestinal bacteria are associated with the progression of the disease and therefore its prognosis,explains Scheperjans.
– In addition, we will have to see if these changes in the bacterial ecosystem are apparent before the onset of motor symptoms. We will of course also try to establish the basis of this connection between intestinal microbiota and Parkinson’s disease – what kind of mechanism binds them.
The researchers also hope that their discoveries could ultimately be used to develop a testing method which would improve the diagnostics in Parkinson’s disease and perhaps finally find a way to treat or even prevent Parkinson’s by focusing on gut microbiota.
Led by Scheperjans and Petri Auvinen from the University of Helsinki Institute of Biotechnology, the research project has received funding from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and the Finnish Parkinson Foundation.
The study recruited 72 Parkinson’s disease patients through HUCH and Hyvinkää Central Hospital, as well as an equal number of healthy control subjects.