After Terry & Whiting, 2005 (fig. 3)
Note:
Of the three analysis presented by Terry & Whiting, fig 3 (Baysian analysis of ClustalX alignment) is the only one recovering a monophyletic Polyneoptera. To maintain some commoness with the phylogenies presented in the “The Tree of Life”, and by Wheeler, Whiting, Wheeler & Carpenter, 2001, I have here decided to use fig. 3 from Terry & Whiting (2005).
<==o Neoptera (Neopterous insects = bugs, beetles, wasps, moths, flies, etc.) |?- †Paraplecoptera |?- †Protoperlaria |--o Polyneoptera [Orthopterodea] | |--o Orthopteroidea | | |--o Archaeorthoptera | | | |-- †Caloneurodea | | | `--+-- †Titanoptera | | | `-- Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, etc.; suorasiipiset) | | `--o Eukinolabia | | |-- Phasmida [Phasmatodea] (walking sticks and leaf insects; kummitussirkat, sauvasirkat) | | `-- Embiidina [Embioptera] (web-spinners; kehruujalkaiset) | `--+--+-- Dictyoptera [Blattaria] (cockroaches, termites, mantids; torakat, termiitit, rukoilijasirkat) | | `-- Notoptera Crampton, 1915 [Xenotomia Terry & Whiting, 2005] (crawlers) [incl. Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea] (crawlers) | `--+-- Plecoptera (stoneflies; koskikorennot) | `--o Haplocerca | |-- Zoraptera (sorotäit) | `--+?- †Protelytroptera | `-- Dermaptera de Geer, 1773 (earwigs; pihtihäntäiset) `--o Eumetabola |-- Endopterygota [Holometabola sensu lato] (beetles, wasps, moths, flies, etc.; muodonvaihtajat) `--o Paraneoptera [Hemipterodea] (bugs, thrips, lice) |-- Hemiptera [incl. Homoptera & Heteroptera] (bugs, cicadas, whiteflies, aphids, etc.; nivelkärsäiset) `--+-- Thysanoptera (thrips; ripsiäiset) `--+-- Psocoptera (book lice; jäytiäiset) `-- Phthiraptera (lice; luteet)
Reference(s):
- Klass, K.-D., Zompro, O., Kristensen, N. P. & Adis, J., 2002: Mantophasmodea: a new insect order with extant members in the Afrotropics.
–Science: Vol. 296, pp. 1456-1459 - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 6: Selkärangattomat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original publication: Beaut, Du Monde Animal XI & XII Invertébrés.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Maddison, D. R., 1995-1998: Embiidina – Web spinners.
–iNet: The Tree of Life - Maddison, D. R., 1995-1998: Neoptera.
–iNet: The Tree of Life - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company - Terry, M. D. & Whiting, M. F., 2005: Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects.
–Cladistics: Vol. 21, pp. 240-257 - Wheeler, W. C., Whiting, M., Wheeler, Q. D. & Carpenter, J. M., 2001: The phylogeny of the extant hexapod orders.
–Gladistics: Vol. 17, #2, pp. 113-169