After Aguinaldo, Turbeville, Linford, Rivera, Garey, Raff & Lake, 1997 and Dong, Donoghue, Cheng & Liu, 2004
<==o Protostoma |?- Myzostomida (norkomadot) |?- Annelida [incl. Vestimentifera & Pogonophora sensu Rouse, 2001] (nivelmadot) |?- Mollusca (nilviäiset) |?- Sipuncula [Sipunculoidea] (ruiskumadot) |--o Lophotrochozoa | |?- Mesozoa [see Basal Metazoa] | |?- Entoprocta (pikarimadot) | |?- BRYOZOA [Ectoprocta] (sammaleläimet) | |?- Cycliophora Funch & Kristensen, 1995 | |?- Gastrotricha (sukaspintaiset) | |?- Rotifera (rataseläimet) | `?- Acanthocephala (väkäkärsämadot) `--o Ecdysozoa (nahanluojat) |?- Chaetognatha [incl. †Protoconodonta] (nuolimadot) |--o Introverta Nielsen, 1995 [=? Cycloneuralia] | |--+-- Nemata [Nematoda] (nematodes; sukkulamadot) | | `-- Nematomorpha (jouhimadot) | `--o Scelidophora | |--+-- †Ancalagon | | `-- †Fieldia | `--+--o †Markuelia Valīkov, 1983 [Middle and Late Cambrian protostome embryos] | | |-- †M. hunanensis Dong & Donoghue, in Dong, Donoghue, Cheng & Liu, 2004 | | `-- †M. secunda Valīkov, 1983 | `--+-- Kinorhyncha [Kinorhynchida] | `--+-- Loricifera | `-- Priapulida [incl. Palaeoscolecida] `--o Euarthropoda [Arthropoda sensu lato] |-- Loboboda [Onychophora sensu lato] (käsnäjalkaiset; lobopods, velvet worms) |-- Tardigrada (karhukaiset; water bears) |-- Crustaceomorpha (äyriäistensukuiset niveljalkaiset) |-- Insecta [Hexapoda] (hyönteiset; insects) `--+-- Myriapoda `-- Chelicerata (kynsileukaiset)
Reference(s):
- Aguinaldo, A. M. A., Turbeville, J. M., Linford, L. S., Rivera, M. C., Garey, J. R., Raff, R. A. & Lake, J. A., 1997: Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulding animals.
–Nature: Vol. 387, 29 May, pp. 489 - 493 - Dong, X.-p., Donoghue, P. C. J., Cheng, H. & Liu, J.-b., 2004: Fossil embryos from the Middle and Late Cambrian period of Hunan, south China.
–Nature: Vol. 427, pp. 237-240 - Funch, P. & Kristensen, R. M., 1995: Cycliophora is a new phylum with affinities to Endoprocta and Ectoprocta.
–Nature: Vol. 378, 14 December, pp. 711-714 - –iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree/
- Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
--McGrew-Hill Book Company