After Froelich 1999, with Ankylopoda after Hooker & Dashzeveg, 2004
Alternative view after Hooker & Dashzeveg, 2004
Alternative view after Mckenna & Bell, 1997
Alternative view after Prothero & Schoch, 1989
<==o Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 [Mesaxonia Marsh, 1884 sensu Prothero & Schoch, 1989] (kavioeläimet) |?- †Brontotheroidea [Brontotheria] `--o Lophodontomorpha |-- Hippomorpha Wood, 1937 (hevosmaiset kavioeläimet) `--o Tapiromorpha sensu Hooker, 1984 [Meropomorpha Schoch, 1984] (tapiirimaiset kavioeläimet) |== †Isectolophidae Peterson, 1915 [1919 (Schoch, 1989)] [paraphyletic assemblage of basal tapiromorphs] `--o Rhinotapiromorpha Prothero & Schoch, 1989 (sarvikuono-tapiirimaiset kavioeläimet) |-- †Kalakotia simplicidentata Ranga Rao, 1972 [Aulaxolophus quadrangularis, Chasmotherium mckennai, Schlosseria radinskyi] |--o †Ankylopoda Cope, 1889 sensu Hooker & Dashzeveg, 2004 | |-- †Cardiolophus Gingerich, 1991 [paraphyletic Isectolophidae] | `--+-- †Homogalax Hay, 1899 [paraphyletic Isectolophidae] | `--o Chalicotheroidea Gill, 1872 sensu Hooker & Dashzeveg, 2004 | |-- †Protomeropus gabuniai (Dashzeveg, 1979a) Hooker & Dashzeveg, 2004 [“Hyracotherium” gabuniai Dashzeveg, 1979a; Homogalax namadicus Dashzeveg, 1979b; ?Orientolophus gabuniai (Dashzeveg) Ting, 1993; ?Orientolophus gabuniai (Dashzeveg) Ting, 1998] | `--+-- †Lophiodontidae Gill, 1872 [Lophiodontoidea Gill, 1872] | `-- †Chalicotheriidae Gill, 1872 sensu Hooker & Dashzeveg, 2004 [incl. Eomeropidae Matthew, 1929] [Chalicotheroidea Gill, 1872 sensu Lucas & Schoch, 1989, Prothero & Schoch, 1989, McKenna & Bell, 1997 Coombs, Hunt, Stepleton, Albright & Fremd, 2001] (laiskiaishevoset; sloth-horses) `--o Ceratomorpha Wood, 1937 (sarvikuonomaiset kavioeläimet) |-- †Breviodon Radinsky, 1965 |-- †Parabreviodon Reshetov, 1975 |-- Rhinoceratoidea (sarvikuononsukuiset kavioeläimet) `--o Tapiroidea Burnett, 1830 (tapiirinsukuiset kavioeläimet) |-- †Heptodon calciculus `--+-- †Deperetellidae Radinsky, 1965 [incl. Rhodopagidae] |-- †Lophialetidae [incl. Eoletidae] `-- Tapiroidea sensu Prothero & Schoch, 1989 [incl. Helaletidae] (tapiirinsukuiset kavioeläimet)
Reference(s):
- Albright III, L. B., 1998: New genus of tapir (Mammalia: Tapiridae) from the Arikareean (Earliest Miocene) of the Texas Coastal Plain.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #1, pp. 200-217 - Froelich, D. J., 1999: Phylogenetic systematics of basal perissodactyls.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #1, pp. 140 - 159 - Hooker, J. J., 1989: Character polarities in early perissodactyls and their significance for Hyracotherium and infraordinal relationships. 79-101.
in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The Evolution of Perissodactyls.
–Oxford University Press, New York, New York & Oxford, England, 1989, ix-537 - Hooker, J. J. & Dashzeveg, D., 2004: The origin of chalicotheres (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)
–Palaeontology: Vol. 47, #6, pp. 1363-1386 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., 1989: Classification of the Perissodactyla. 530-537.
in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The evolution of perissodactyls.
–Oxford University Press, New York, 1989, ix-537 - Schoch, R. M., 1989: A brief historical review of Perissodactyl classification. 13-23.
in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The Evolution of Perissodactyls.
–Oxford University Press, New York, 1989, ix-537 - Schoch, R. M., 1989: A review of the tapiroids. 298-320
in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The Evolution of Perissodactyls.
–Oxford University Press, New York, New York & Oxford, England, 1989, ix-537 - Thewissen, J. G. M., Williams, E. M. & Hussain, S. T., 2001: Eocene mammals faunas from Northern Indo-Pakistan.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #2, pp. 347-366