Our research aims to reveal the effects of membrane transporters on drug exposure and variability in drug pharmacokinetics. These transporters play a key role in the absorption, distribution and elimination of many drugs. Changes in their activity may, therefore, be reflected in the disposition of the drugs that they transport. Transporter activity may be affected for example by other drugs, food components or genetics factors. Transporters either at the cell surface or in intracellular organelles (e.g., lysosomes) also influence intracellular distribution of many drugs. This can lead to cellular toxicity or lack of efficacy. In addition to drug transport, we are also interested in how the bacteria in our gut can affect drug pharmacokinetics, for example via the reactivation of drug metabolites.