This study examined whether infrared thermography—a painless imaging method that detects heat patterns—can help diagnose and assess mammary cancer in dogs. Researchers compared healthy dogs with dogs that had benign and malignant mammary tumors and found clear differences in heat patterns. More aggressive cancers showed higher surface temperatures and uneven heat distribution, which were linked to increased blood flow and tissue damage. Dogs whose tumors showed higher heat signals had shorter survival times. Overall, the findings suggest that infrared thermography could be a useful, noninvasive tool to help veterinarians evaluate tumor aggressiveness, plan surgery, and estimate prognosis in dogs with mammary cancer.