It has increased rapidly, especially in developing countries that lack controlled antimicrobial policy, and where poor infrastructures enable the flow of AMR genes between the environment, animals and humans. The struggle against AMR calls for novel strategies that can only be developed through deeper understanding of the flow of AMR genes within the community. The AMRIWA consortium generates data on the flow of AMR genes in West Africa (a region with extensive data gaps) by joining environmental, microbiological, sociological, and medical expertise to explore the evolution and transfer of AMR genes between water, soil, animals, food, and humans (One Health approach).