After Zrzavý et al., 2001, with fossil phyla from Conway Morris, 1993
<==o PROTOSTOMA sensu Zrzavý et al., 2001 (alkusuiset) |--o Aschelmithes [Pseudocoelomata] (valeruumiinonteloiset) | |-- Xenoturbellida | |-- Platyhelmithes (laakamadot) | `--o Acanthognatha Cavalier-Smith, 1998 | |--o Neotrichozoa Zrzavy et al., 1998 [Monokonta Cavalier-Smit, 1998] | | |-- Gastrotricha (sukaspintaiset) | | `-- Gnathostomulida (kampaleukamadot) | `--o Prosomastigozoa | |-- Myzostomida sensu Zrzavý et al., 2001 (norkomadot) | `--+-- Cycliophora Funch & Kristensen, 1995 | `--o Syndermata Ahrlichs, 1995 sensu Zrzavý et al., 2001 | |-- Monogononta [Rotifera: Monogononta] | `--o Lemniscea Carey et al., 1996 | |-- Bdelloida [Rotifera: Bdelloidea] | `--+-- Seisonida [Rotifera: Seisonidea] | `-- Acanthocephala (väkäkärsämadot) `--+--o Arthropodomorpha (niveljalkaismaiset eläimet) | |-- Cephalorhyncha | |--+-- Chaetognatha [incl. †Protoconodonta[ (nuolimadot) | | `--+-- Nematomorpha (jouhimadot) | | `-- Nemata [Nematoda] (sukkulamadot) | `--+--o †Sprigginida | | |?- †Bomakellia | | `-- †Spriggina floundersi | |?- Tardigrada (karhukaiset; water bears) | `-- Arthropoda (niveljalkaiset; arthropods) [polyphyletic???] `--+-- Entoprocta (pikarimadot) |-- Bryozoa [Ectoprocta] (sammaleläimet) |--+-- †Chancelloriida | `-- †Sachitida `--+-- †Siphogunuchitida `--+--o †Halkieriida | `-- †Halkeria evangelista `--+--o “Molluscamorpha” | `--+?- †“Tullimonsterida” | `--+-- Mollusca (nilviäiset) | `--+-- †Hyolitha | `-- Sipuncula [Sipunculoidea] (ruiskumadot) `--+--o “Annelidamorpha” | |?- †Wiwaxia corrugata | `--+?- †Canadia spinosa | |--+-- †Amiskwia sagittiformis Walcott,1911 [Amiskwiida] | | `-- Nemertea [Nemertinea] (limamadot) | `--+-- Lobatocerebrida | `--+--+-- †Banffida | | `-- Echiura [Echiuroidea] (tähtimadot) | `-- Annelida [incl. Vestimentifera & Pogonophora sensu Rouse, 2001] (nivelmadot) `--+--o Lophophorata | |-- Phoronida (tupsumadot) | `--+-- †Tommotiida | `-- Brachiopoda (lonkerojalkaiset) `--+-- †Palaeoscolecida `--+-- Kinorhyncha (okakaulamadot) `--+-- Loricifera `-- Priapulida [Priapuloidea] (makkaramadot)
Reference(s):
- Conway Morris, S., 1993: The fossil record and early evolution of the Metazoa.
–Nature, vol. 361, 21 January, pp. 219-225 - Funch, P. & Kristensen, R. M., 1995: Cycliophora is a new phylum with affinities to Endoprocta and Ectoprocta.
–Nature: Vol. 378, 14 December, pp. 711-714 - Hou & Bergström, 1997: Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China.
–Fossils & Strata, Number 45, 22nd December 1997, pp. 1-116 - –iNet: Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree/
- Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company - Zrzavý, J., Hypsa, V. & Tietz, D. F., 2001: Myzostomida are not annelids: Molecular and morphological support for a clade of animals with anterior sperm flagella.
–Gladistics: Vol. 17, #2, pp. 170-198 - Szaniawski, H., 2002: New evidence for the protoconodont origin of chaetognaths.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 47, #3, pp. 405-419