After McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Cozzuol, 2001, with recent species from Nowak, 1991
<==o Phocinae Gray, 1821 (pohjanhylkeet) |?- †Batavipusa neerlandica Koretsky & Peters, 2008 |-- †“Phoca” vitulinoides |-- †“Phoca” novorossica |-- †“Phoca” bessarabica |-- †Kawas benegasorum Cozzuol, 2001 |-- †Leptophoca lenis |--o †Preapusa | |-- †P. pannonica | `-- †P. vindobonensis |-- †Cryptophoca maeotica [Phoca maeotica] |-- Erignathus barbatus (bearded seal; partahylje) `--+-- Cystophora cristata (bubble seal; kuplahylje) `--o ?Phocini |-- †Phocanella pumila [Phocanella minor] |-- †Platyphoca vulgaris |-- †Gryphoca similis |--o Halichoerus grypus (gray seal; halli, harmaahylje) | |-- H. g. grypus (<>(P.Atlantti, Amerikka)) | |-- H. g. atlantica (<>(P.Atlantti, Eurooppa)) | `-- H. g. baltica (<>(Itämeri)) `--o Phoca (hylkeet) |-- (Pagophilus) groenlandica (greenland seal; grönlanninhylje) |--o (Histriophoca) | |?- †P. (H.) alekseevi | `-- †P. (H.) fasciata (juovahylje) `--+--o (Phoca) (täplähylkeet) | |-- P. (P.) largha (täplähylje) | `--o P. (P.) vitulina (kirjohylje) | |-- P. (P.) v. vitulina | `-- P. (P.) v. stejnegeri `--o (Pusa) (norpat) |-- P. (P.) caspica (Caspian Sea seal; kaspianhylje) `--+-- P. (P.) sibirica [spp. P. (P.) hispida] (Lake Baikal seal; baikalinhylje) `--o P. (P.) hispida (harbour seal; norppa, kiehkuraishylje) |-- P. (P.) h. hispida (norppa, kiehkuraishylje) |-- P. (P.) h. botnica (itämerennorppa) |-- P. (P.) h. ladogensis (laatokannorppa, laatokanhylje) |-- P. (P.) h. saimensis (saimaannorppa) `-- P. (P.) h. soperi (<>Baffinin saari: Nettillingjärvi)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Cozzuol, M. A., 2001: A "northern" seal from the Miocene of Argentina: Implications for phocid phylogeny and biogeography. –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 2001, #3, pp. 415-421
- Koretsky, I. A. & Barnes, L. G., 2006: Pinniped evolutionary history and paleobiography. 143-153
in Csiki, Z., (eds.) 2006: Mesozoic and Cenozoic vertebrates and paleoenviroments – Tributes to the career of Dan Grigorescu.
–Romanian Society of Paleontologists, Bucharest, 2006 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629