After McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Cozzuol, 2001, with recent species from Nowak, 1991
<==o Phocidae (true seals; hylkeet) |?- †“Prophoca” rousseaui |?- †Prophoca proxima |?- †Necromites |?- †Palaeophoca |?- †Miophoca vetusta |?- †Sarmatonectes sintsovi |-- †Devinophoca claytoni Koretsky, 2001; M.Mioc. EEu. `--+--o Monachinae Gray, 1821 (monk seals; munkkihylkeensukuiset) | `--o Monarchini (munkkihylkeet) | |-- †Palmidophoca | |-- †Monachopsis pontica | |-- †Pristiphoca | |-- †Properiptychus | |-- †Messiphoca | |-- †Callophoca obscura [Mesotaria ambigua] | |-- †Pliophoca etrusca | `--+-- †Pontophoca sarmatica | `--o Monachus (monk seals; munkkihylkeet) | |-- M. schauinslandi (havaijinmunkkihylje) | |-- M. tropicalis (floridanmunkkihylje) | `-- M. monachus (munkkihylje) `--+--o Mirounga (merinorsut) | |-- M. angustirostris (pohjanmerinorsu) | `-- M. leonina (etelänmerinorsu) `--+--o Lobodontini [Monachinae: Lobodontini] (etelänhylkeet) | |?-o †Monotherium | | |?- †M.? wymani | | |-- †M. aberratum | | |-- †M. gaudini | | `-- †M. delognii | |-- Ommatophoca rossi (Ross' seal; rossinhylje) | |-- Lobodon carcinophagus (krillihylje) | |-- Hydrurga leptonyx (sea leopard; merileopardi) | `-- Leptonychotes weddellii (Weddell seal; weddellinhylje) `--+-- †Acrophoca longirostris `--+-- †Piscophoca pacifica `--+-- †Homiphoca capensis Hendey & Repenning, 1972 `-- Phocinae Gray, 1821 (pohjanhylkeet)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Cozzuol, M. A., 2001: A "northern" seal from the Miocene of Argentina: Implications for phocid phylogeny and biogeography. –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 2001, #3, pp. 415-421
- Koretsky, I. A. & Barnes, L. G., 2006: Pinniped evolutionary history and paleobiography. 143-153
in Csiki, Z., (eds.) 2006: Mesozoic and Cenozoic vertebrates and paleoenviroments – Tributes to the career of Dan Grigorescu.
–Romanian Society of Paleontologists, Bucharest, 2006 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629