Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

†Polycotylidae – polycotylid plesiosaurs

After Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007a, b

<==o †Polycotylidae Williston, 1909 [non? Cope, 1869] sensu O'Keefe, 2001 [Dolichorhynchopidae Welles, 1962]
   |?- †Polycotylidae genus et species indet. [Hokkaido, Japan] [Sato & Storrs, 2000]
   |?- †Georgiasaurus penzensis (Ochev, 1976) Ochev, 1977 [Georgia penzensis Ochev, 1976]
   |?- †Procotylus Korotneff, 1908
   |?- †Sulcusuchus erraini [has been treated a a crocodyliform archosaur]
   |-- †Edgarosaurus muddi Druckenmiller, 2002
   `--+--o †Palmulasaurinae Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007b [Palmulainae Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007a (nomen invalida, based on preoccupied genus-name Palmula)]
      |  |-- UMUT MV 99965
      |  `-- †Palmulasaurus quadratus (Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007a) Albright et al., 2007b [Palmula quadratus Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007 non †Palmula Lea, 1833, a Crecaceous genus of Foraminifera]
      `--o †Polycotylinae (Williston, 1909) Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007
         |--o †Dolichorynchops Williston, 1902
         |  |-- †D. osborni Williston, 1902 (type)
         |  |-- †D. herschelensis Sato, 2005
         |  `-- †D. tropicensis McKean, 2011
         `--+--o †Trinacromerum Cragin, 1888 [Ceraunosaurus Thurmond, 1968]
            |  |?- †T. bonneri Adams, 1997 [jr. synon Polycotylus latipinnis Cope, 1869c (Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007a)]
            |  |-- †T. bentonianum Cragin, 1888 [Ceraunosaurus brownorum Thurmond, 1968; Trinacromerum anonymum Williston, 1903]
            |  |-- †T. kirki Russell, 1935
            |  `?- †T. willistoni
            `--+-- †Eopolycotylus rankini Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007a
               `--o †Polycotylus Cope, 1869
                  |?- †P. brevispondylus Bogoliubov, 1911b
                  |?- †P. dolichops Williston, 1906
                  |?- †P. epigurgitis Bogoliubov, 1911b
                  |?- †P. ichthyospondylus tanais Bogoliubov, 1911b
                  |?- †P. orientalis Bogoliubov, 1911b
                  `-- †P. latipinnis Cope, 1869c [incl. Trinacromerum bonneri Adams, 1997 (Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007a)]

<==o †Polycotylidae
   |-- †Polycotylus
   `--+-- †Dolichorynchops
      `-- †Trinacromerum

<==o †Polycotylidae
   |-- †Plesiopleurodon
   `--+-- †Edgarosaurus
      `--+-- QM F18041
         `--+-- †Eopolycotylus
            |-- †Polycotylus
            `--+-- †Trinarcomerum
               `--+-- †Dolichorhynchops herschelensis
                  `--+-- †Manemergus
                     |-- †Palmulasaurus
                     `-- †Dolichorhynchops osborni

Reference(s):

• Albright, L. B., Gillette, D. D. & Titus, A. L., 2007a: Plesiosaurs from the upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) Tropic Shale of southern Utah, part 2: Polycotylidae.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 27, #1, pp. 41-58 [doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[41:pftucc]2.0.co;2]
• Albright, L. B., Gillette, D. D. & Titus, A. L., 2007b: Plesiosaurs from the upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Tropic Shale of southern Utah, part 2: Polycotylidae; replacement names for the preoccupied genus Palmula and the subfamily Palmulainae.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 27, #4, pp. 1051-1051 [doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1051:pftucc]2.0.co;2]
• Carpenter, K., 1997: Comperative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs. 191-216
  in Callaway, J. M. & Nicholls, E. L., (eds.) 1997: Ancient Marine Reptiles. xivi-501
  –Academic Press, San Diego, 1997
• Creisler, B., 1999-2001: Plesiosauria translation and pronunciation guide.
  –iNet: Dinosauria.com: http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/names/ples.html
• Cruickshank, A. R. I. & Fordyce, R. E., 2002: A New Marine Reptile (Sauropterygia) from New Zealand: Further Evidence for A Late Cretaceous Austral Radiation of Cryptoclidid Plesiosaurs.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 45, #3, pp. 557-575 [doi: 10.1111/1475-4983.00249]
• Druckenmiller, P. S., 2002: Osteology of a new plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Thermopolis shale of Montana.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #1, pp. 29-42
• Everhart, M., 2000: Something about Plesiosaurs.
  –iNet: WWW.OceansofKansas.com: http://www.oceansofkansas.com/plesio2.html
• Forrest, R., 2002: Polycotylidae - species
  –iNet: The Plesiosaur Site: http://www.plesiosaur.com/taxonomy/Polycotylidae.htm
• O'Keefe, F. R., 2001: A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia).
  –Acta Zoologica Fennica: Vol. #213, pp. 1-63
• O'Keefe, F. R., 2004: On the cranial anatomy of the polycotylid plesiosaurs, including new material of Polycotylus latipinnis Cope, from Alabama.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #2, pp. 326-340
• Rieppel, O., 1997: Part II: Sauropterygia - Introduction. 107-119
  in Callaway, J. M. & Nicholls, E. L., (eds.) 1997: Ancient Marine Reptiles. xivi-501
  –Academic Press, San Diego, 1997
• Sato, T. & Storrs, G. W., 2000: An early polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #5, pp. 907-914
• Storrs, G. W., Arkhangel'skii, M. S. & Efimov, V. R., 2000: Mezosoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics. 187-210
  in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
  –Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696