Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

†Cryptoclidia – cryptoclidids and relatives

After O'Keefe, 2001, 2004, and O'Keefe & Street, 2009

<==o †Cryptoclidia Williston, 1925 sensu Ketchum & Benson, 2010 [Cryptoclidoidea Williston, 1925 sensu O'Keefe, 2001]
   |-- †Cryptoclididae Williston, 1925 sensu O'Keefe, 2001 [incl. “Mureanosauridae”]
   `--o †Tricleidia O'Keefe, 2001
      |-- †Tricleidus seeleyi Andrews 1909 [is a "Mureanosaurid"]
      |--o †Aristonectidae O'Keefe & Street, 2009 [Cimoliasauridae DeLair, 1959 sensu O'Keefe, 2001 [problematic, family-name based on invalid genus]]
      |  |?- †Abyssosaurus nataliae Berezin, 2011
      |  |?- †Aristonectes parvidens Cabrera, 1941 [see taxomonic notes of Aristonectes] [is an Elasmosaurid (Gasparini et al., 2003; Ketchum & Benson, 2010)]
      |  |?- †Tatenectes laramiensis (Knight, 1900) O'Keefe & Wahl, 2003 [Cimoliasaurus laramensis Knight, 1900; Tricleidus? laramensis Knight, 1900; Mehl, 1912]
      |  |-- †Kaiwhekea katiki Cruickshank & Fordyce, 2002
      |  `--+-- †Morturneria seymourensis (Chatterjee & Small, 1989) Chatterjee & Creisler, 1994 [see taxonomic notes of Morturneria]
      |     `--+-- †“Cimoliasauridae” genera et species indet. [O'Keefe, 2004] [Wyoming Taxon 1]
      |        `-- †Kimmerosaurus langhami Brown, 1981 [=? Colymbosaurus]
      `-- †Polycotylidae Williston, 1909 [non? Cope, 1869] sensu O'Keefe, 2001 [Dolichorhynchopidae Welles, 1962]

Cryptoclidoidea incertae sedis:

    †Apractocleides aldingeri [synonym of Cryptocleidus, I'm not sure which species]
    †Apractocleides teretipes Smellie, 1915 [synonym of Cryptocleidus, I'm not sure which species]
    †Ceraumosaurus brownorum Thurmond, 1968 [is a polycotylid (Forrest, 2002)]
    †Scanisaurus nazarowi (Bogolubov, 1911) Persson, 1959 [nomen dubium]
    †Cimoliasaurus Leidy, 1851 [nomen dubium]
        †C. planus
        †C. magnus Leidy, 1851
        †C. maccoyi Etheridge, 1904 

<==o †Aristonectidae
   |--+-- †Tatenectes
   |  `-- †Kimmerosaurus
   `--+--+-- †Abyssosaurus
      |  `-- †Cimoliasaurus magnus
      `--+-- †Kaiwhekea
         `-- †Aristonectes

<==o †Cryptoclidia
   |--o †Cryptocleididae
   |  |--+-- †Cryptoclidus
   |  |  `-- †Kimmerosaurus
   |  `--+-- †Mureanosaurus
   |     `-- †Tricleidus
   `--o †Leptocleidia
      |-- †Leptocleididae
      `-- †Polycotylidae

<==o †Cryptoclidia
   |-- †Cryptoclidus
   |-- †Mureanosaurus
   `--o †Tricleidia
      |-- †Tricleidus
      `--+-- †Polycotylidae
         `--o †Aristonectidae
            |--+-- †Kimmerosaurus
            |  `-- †Tatenectes
            `--+-- †Aristonectes
               `-- †Kaiwhekea

Reference(s):

• Berezin, A., 2011: A new plesiosaur of the family Aristonectidae from the Early Cretaceous of the center of the Russian platform.
  –Paleontological Journal: Vol. 45, #6, pp. 648-660 [doi: 10.1134/s0031030111060037]
• Carpenter, K., 1997: Comperative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs. 191-216
  in Callaway, J. M. & Nicholls, E. L., (eds.) 1997: Ancient Marine Reptiles. xivi-501
  –Academic Press, San Diego, 1997
• Creisler, B., 1999-2001: Plesiosauria translation and pronunciation guide.
  –iNet: Dinosauria.com: http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/names/ples.html
• Cruickshank, A. R. I. & Fordyce, R. E., 2002: A New Marine Reptile (Sauropterygia) from New Zealand: Further Evidence for A Late Cretaceous Austral Radiation of Cryptoclidid Plesiosaurs.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 45, #3, pp. 557-575 [doi: 10.1111/1475-4983.00249]
• Druckenmiller, P. S., 2002: Osteology of a new plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Thermopolis shale of Montana.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #1, pp. 29-42
• Everhart, M., 2000: Something about Plesiosaurs.
  –iNet: WWW.OceansofKansas.com: http://www.oceansofkansas.com/plesio2.html
• Forrest, R., 2002: Cryptoclididae - species
  –iNet: The Plesiosaur Site: http://www.plesiosaur.com/taxonomy/Cryptoclididae.htm
• Forrest, R., 2002: Polycotylidae - species
  –iNet: The Plesiosaur Site: http://www.plesiosaur.com/taxonomy/Polycotylidae.htm
• O'Keefe, F. R., 2001: A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia).
  –Acta Zoologica Fennica: Vol. #213, pp. 1-63
• O'Keefe, F. R., 2004: On the cranial anatomy of the polycotylid plesiosaurs, including new material of Polycotylus latipinnis, Cope, from Alabama.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #2, pp. 326-340
• O'Keefe, F. R. & Street, H. P., 2009: Osteology of the Cryptocleidoid Plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis, with Comments on the Taxonomic Status of the Cimoliasauridae.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 29, #1, pp. 48-57 [doi: 10.1671/039.029.0118]
• Ketchum, H. F. & Benson, R. B. J., 2010: Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses.
  –Biological Reviews: Vol. 85, #2, pp. 361-392 [doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00107.x]
• Rieppel, O., 1997: Part II: Sauropterygia - Introduction. 107-119
  in Callaway, J. M. & Nicholls, E. L., (eds.) 1997: Ancient Marine Reptiles. xivi-501
  –Academic Press, San Diego, 1997
• Sato, T. & Storrs, G. W., 2000: An early polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #5, pp. 907-914
• Storrs, G. W., 1997: Morphological and taxonomic clarification of the genus Plesiosaurus. 145-190
  in Callaway, J. M. & Nicholls, E. L., (eds.) 1997: Ancient Marine Reptiles. xivi-501
  –Academic Press, San Diego, 1997
• Storrs, G. W., Arkhangel'skii, M. S. & Efimov, V. R., 2000: Mezosoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics. 187-210
  in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
  –Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696