After Nydam, 2000, with Recent species from Uetz, Etzold & Chenna, 1995-2000 [“The TIGR Reptile Database ” (former EMBL Reptile Database)]
<==o Monstersauria Norell & Gao, 1997 sensu Nydam, 2000 [Estesioidea] |?- †Labrodioctes montanensis Gao & Fox, 1996 |?- †Telmasaurus grangeri Gilmore, 1943 |-- †Gobiderma pulchrum Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984 [Gobidermatidae] `--o Helodermatoidea |-- †Paraderma bogerti Estes, 1964 |-- †Primaderma nessovi Nydam, 2000 `--o Helodermatidae Gray, 1837 sensu Mead, Schubert, Wallace & Swift, 2012 (myrkkyliskot) |-- †Estesia mongoliensis Norell, McKenna & Novacek, 1992 `--+-- †Eurheloderma gallicum Hoffstetter, 1957 `--+-- †Lowesaurus matthewi Pregill, Gauthier & Greene, 1986 `--o Helodermatidae (myrkkyliskot) |?- ?†Helodermatidae indet. Augé, 2003; L.Eoc. WEu. |?- ?†Helodermatidae indet. Mead, Schubert, Wallace & Swift, 2012; Mioc.-Plioc. CNAm. `--o Heloderma Wiegmann, 1829; E.Mioc.-R. WNAm. (myrkkyliskot) |-- †H. texana Stevens, 1977 |--o H. suspectum Cope, 1896 (gila monster; gilahirviö) | |-- H. s. cinctum Bogert & Martín del Campo, 1956 (Banded Gila Monster) | `-- H. s. suspectum Cope, 1896 (Reticulate Gila Monster) `--o H. horridus Wiegmann, 1829 (beaded lizard; skorpionilisko) |-- H. h. horridus Wiegmann, 1829 |-- H. h. alvarezi Bogert & Martín del Campo, 1956 |-- H. h. exasperatum Bogert & Martín del Campo, 1956 `-- H. h. charlesbogerti Campbell & Vannini, 1988
Reference(s):
- Alifanov, V. R., 2000: The fossil record of Cretaceous lizards from Mongolia. 368-389
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696 - Augé, M., 2003: La faune de Lacertilia (Reptilia, Squamata) de l'Éocène inférieur de Prémontré (Bassin de Paris, France)
[The lizard fauna (Reptilia, Squamata) from the lower Eocene locality of Prémontré (Paris Basin, France)].
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 25, #3, pp. 539-574 - Caldwell, M. W., 1999: Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasauroids.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society; Vol. 125, pp. 115-147 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Evans, S. E. & Barbadillo, J., 1997: Early Cretaceous lizards from Las Hoyas, Spain.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 119, #1, pp. 23-49. - Mead, J. I., Schubert, B. W., Wallace, S. C. & Swift, S. L., 2012: Helodermatid Lizard from the Mio-Pliocene Oak-Hickory Forest of Tennessee, Eastern USA, and a Review of Monstersaurian Osteoderms.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 57, #1, pp. 111-121 [doi: 10.4202/app.2010.0083] - Nydam, R. L., 2000: A new taxon of helodermatid-like lizard from the Albian-Cenomanian of Utah.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 285-294 - Nydam, R. L., 2002: Lizards of the Mussentuchit Local Fauna (Albian-Cenomanian Boundary) and comments on the evolution of the Cretaceous lizard fauna of North America.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #3, pp. 645-660 - Pepin, D. J., 199?: The origin of monitor lizards based on a review of the fossil evidence.
–iNet: http://artsci.wustl.edu/~djpepin/fossil.html - Pianka, E. R., 199?: Evolution of varanid lizards.
–iNet: http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~varanus/varanus.html - Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R. (eds.), 1995-2000: The Reptile Database [former “EMBL Reptile Database”].
–iNet: http://www.reptile-database.org/
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698