After Pepin, 199?, Caldwell, 1999, Lee & Caldwell, 2000, Balsai, 2001, and Conrad, Rieppel & Grande, 2008
<==o Platynota Baur, 1890 (non Camp, 1923?) (varaanintapaiset liskot; Varanus-like lizards) |?- †Platynota gen. et sp. indet. Augé, 2003 [Varanoidea indet. Augé et al., 1997] L.Eoc. WEu. |?- †Proplatynota longirostrata (Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984) [Proplatynotia Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984] |?- †Parviraptor |?- †“Saniwa” feisti |--o †"Necrosauridae" Hoffstetter, 1943 [Parasaniwidae Estes, 1964] [paraphyletic?] | |?- †Provaranosaurus | |-- †Colpodontosaurus | |-- †Eosaniwa | |-- †Parviderma inexacta Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984 | |-- †Necrosaurus cayluxi [Melanosauroides, Odontomophis, Palaeosaurus, Palaeovaranus] | `-- †Parasaniwa wyomingensis `--+?- †Gobiderma pulchrum [Gobidermatidae] `--o Thecogossa `--o Varanoidea Camp, 1923 sensu Belsai, 2001 [last common ancestor of Lanthanotus, Heloderma & Varanus] |?- †Aiolosaurus oriens Gao & Norell, 2000 |?- †Ovoo gurvel |--+--+?- †Palaeosaniwa canadensis [Megasaurus] | | `-- Monstersauria Norell & Gao, 1997 [Estesioidea] | `--o Lanthanotinae [Lanthanotidae] (kuurovaraanit) | |-- †Cherminotus longifrons Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984 | `-- Lanthanotus borneensis Steindachner, 1878 (kuurovaraani; earless monitor) `--o Varanoidea Camp, 1923 sensu tradionalis [all platynotans closer to Varanus than to Heloderma] |-- Pythonomorpha Cope, 1869 sensu Lee & Caldwell, 2000 (käärmeet & meriliskot; snakes & mosasaurids) `--o Varanidae (varaanit, monitor lizards) ["Varanoinea"] |?- †Pachyvaranus crassispondylus Arambourgh, 1952 |?- †Iberovaranus Hoffstetter, 1969; Mioc. Eu. |?- †Chilingosaurus |--+-- †Telmasaurus grangeri Gilmore, 1943 | `-- †Saniwides mongoliensis Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984 `--+-- †Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870 [Thinosaurus] `-- Varanus Merrem, 1820 [Hydrosaurus Wagler, 1830] ?L.Eoc. As., Olig.-R. Aust., M.Mioc.-R. As.; L.Mioc.-R. Af., Mioc. Eu. (varaanit, monitor lizards) [46 species]
Alternative phylogenies of Platynota:
After Nydam, 2000, and Balsai, 2001<==o Platynota (varaanintapaiset liskot, Varanus-like lizards) |?- †Parviraptor `--o ?Thecoglossa |--+?- †Palaeosaniwa | `-- Monstersauria [Estesioidea] `--o Varanoidea [all platynotans closer to Varanus than to Heloderma] |?- †Proplatynota |--o †Necrosauridae [paraphyletic?] | |?- †Provaranosaurus | |-- †Colpodontosaurus | |-- †Eosaniwa | |-- †Parviderma | |-- †Necrosaurus | `-- †Parasaniwa `--o Varanidae (varaanit, monitor lizards) [“Varanoinea”] |?- †Pachyvaranus |?- †Iberovaranus |?- †Chilingosaurus `--+-- †Telmasaurus `--+-- †Saniwa `--+--o Lanthanotinae [Lanthanotidae] (earless monitors; kuurovaraanit) | |-- †Cherminotus | `-- Lanthanotus (kuurovaraani; earless monitor) `--o Varaninae [Varanidae] (aitovaraanit) |?- †Saniwides `-- Varanus (varaanit, monitor lizards) |
After Conrad, Rieppel & Grande, 2008<==o Platynota (varaanintapaiset liskot, Varanus-like lizards) |-- †“Saniwa” feisti `--+-- †Necrosaurus `--+--+-- †Saniwides | `-- †Telmasaurus `--+-- †Aiolosaurus |-- Lanthanotus (kuurovaraani; earless monitor) |-- †Cherminotus |-- †Ovoo `--+-- †Saniwa `-- Varanus (varaanit, monitor lizards) |
Reference(s):
- Alifanov, V. R., 2000: The fossil record of Cretaceous lizards from Mongolia. 368-389
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696 - Augé, M., 2003: La faune de Lacertilia (Reptilia, Squamata) de l'Éocène inférieur de Prémontré (Bassin de Paris, France)
[The lizard fauna (Reptilia, Squamata) from the lower Eocene locality of Prémontré (Paris Basin, France)].
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 25, #3, pp. 539-574 - Balsai, M. J., 2001: Redescription and revised taxonomy of Palaeosaniwa canadensis based upon new more complete material.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, Supplement to #3, pp. 31A - Caldwell, M. W., 1999: Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new species of Coniasaurus Owen, 1850.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #3, pp. 438 - 455 - Caldwell, M. W., 1999: Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasauroids.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society; Vol. 125, pp. 115-147 - Caldwell, M. W., 2003: Holotype snout elements of Saniwa ensidens reassigned to cf. Restes sp. indet. (Xenosauridae).
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 77, #2, pp. 393-396 - Caldwell, M. W. & Cooper, J. A. 2000: Redescription, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology of Coniasaurus grassidens Owen, 1850 (Squamata) from the Lower Chalk (Cretaceous; Cenomanian) of SE England.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 127, #4, pp. 423-452. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Conrad, J. L., Rieppel, O. C. & Grande, L., 2008: Re-assessment of varanid evolution based on new data from Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870 (Squamata, Reptilia).
–American Museum Novitates: #3630, pp. 1-15 - Evans, S. E. & Barbadillo, J., 1997: Early Cretaceous lizards from Las Hoyas, Spain.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 119, #1, pp. 23-49. - Gao, K.-Q. & Norell, M. A., 2000: Taxonomic composition and systematics of Late Cretaceous lizard assemblages from Ukhaa Tolgod and adjacent localities, Mongolian Gobi Desert.
–Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: #249, pp. 1-118 - Lee, M. S. Y. & Caldwell, M. W., 2000: Adriosaurus and the affinities of mosasaurs, dolichosaurs, and snakes.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #5, pp. 915-937 - Nydam, R. L., 2000: A new taxon of helodermatid-like lizard from the Albian-Cenomanian of Utah.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 285-294 - Pepin, D. J., 199?: The origin of monitor lizards based on a review of the fossil evidence.
–iNet: http://artsci.wustl.edu/~djpepin/fossil.html - Pianka, E. R., 199?: Evolution of varanid lizards.
–iNet: http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~varanus/varanus.html - Rage, J.-C. & Bailon, S., 2005: Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the late Early Miocene (MN 4) of Béon 1 (Montréal-du-Gers, southwestern France).
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 27, #3, pp. 413-441 - Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R., 1995-2000: The TIGR Reptile Database
[former EMBL Reptile Database]
–iNet: http://www.reptile-database.org/