After Hurum & Sabath, 2003; Currie, 2003, Currie, Hurum & Sabath, 2003, Carr, Williamson & Schwimmer, 2005, Xu, Clark, Forster, Norell, Erickson, Eberth, Jia & Zhao, 2006, Rauhut, Milner & Moore-Fay, 2009, Sereno, Tan, Brusatte, Kriegstein, Zhao & Cloward, 2009, and Brusatte, Norell, Carr, Erickson, Hutchinson, Balanoff, Bever, Choiniere, Makovicky & Xu, 2010
Alternative phylogeny after Holtz, 2000, and Carr, Williamson & Schwimmer, 2005
Alternative phylogeny after Sereno, Tan, Brusatte, Kriegstein, Zhao & Cloward, 2009, and Brusatte, Norell, Carr, Erickson, Hutchinson, Balanoff, Bever, Choiniere, Makovicky & Xu, 2010
<==o †Tyrannosauroidea Osborn, 1906 sensu Currie, Hurum & Sabath, 2003 [= Deinodontoidea] |--o †Proceratosauridae Rauhut, Milner & Moore-Fay, 2010 sensu Averianov et al., 2010 [Proceratosauridae Averianov, Krasnolutskii & Ivantsov, 2010] | |-- †Kileskus aristotocus Averianov, Krasnolutskii & Ivantsov, 2010; M.Jur. NCAs. | `--+-- †Guanlong wucaii Xu, Clark, Forster, Norell, Erickson, Eberth, Jia & Zhao, 2006; U.Jur. EAs. | `--+-- †Proceratosaurus bradleyi (Woodward, 1910) Huene, 1926a [Megalosaurus bradleyi Woodward, 1910, Proceratosaurus bradleyi Huene, 1926a]; M.Jur. WEu. | `-- †Sinotyrannus kazuoensis Ji Q., Ji S.-a., Zhang, L.-j., 2009; E.Cret. EAs. `--+-- †Dilong paradoxus Xu, Norell, Kuang, Wang, Zhao & Jia, 2004; L.Cret. EAs. `--+--+-- †Eotyrannus lengi Hutt, Naish, Martill, Barker & Newbery, 2001; L.Cret. WEu. | `-- †Stokesosaurus clevelandi Madsen, 1974; U.Jur. WNAm. `--+-- †Xiongguanlong baimoensis Li, Norell, Gao, Smith & Makovicky, 2009; E.Cret. CAs. `--+-- †Dryptosaurus aquilungis (Cope, 1866) [Lealaps aquilungis Cope, 1866]; L.Cret. ENAm. `--+-- †Raptorex kriegsteini Sereno, Tan, Brusatte, Kriegstein, Zhao & Cloward, 2009; E.Cret. EAs. `--+-- †Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis Carr, Williamson & Schwimmer, 2005; L.Cret. ENAm. `--+-- †Bistahieversor sealeyi Carr & Williamson, 2010; L.Cret. SWNAm. `--o †Tyrannosauridae Osborn, 1906 [=? Deinodontidae Leidy, 1856] |--o †Albertosaurinae | |-- †Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe, 1914c; U.Cret. WNAm. [taxonomic history] | `-- †Albertosaurus sarcophagus Osborn, 1905 sensu Russell, 1970; U.Cret. WNAm. [taxonomic history] `--o † †Tyrannosaurinae (Osborn, 1906) Matthew & Brown, 1922 [= Deinodontinae] |--o †Tarbosaurini Olshevsky & Ford, 1995 | |--o †Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970a | | |-- †D. sp. indet. [U. Cret. WNA.] [Currie, 2003] | | |-- †D. sp. indet. [U. Cret. WNA.] [Currie, 2003] | | `-- †D. torosus Russell, 1970a (“härkätyrannisaurus”) | `--+-- †Alioramus remotus Kurzanov, 1976b | `-- †Tarbosaurus bataar (Maleev, 1955a) Maleev, 1955b [taxonomic history] (“mongoliantyrannosaurus”) `--o †Tyrannosaurini Osborn, 1906 |-- †Nanotyrannus lancensis (Gilmore, 1946c) Bakker, et al., 1988 `-- †Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905 [taxonomic history] (kuningastyrannisaurus)
Other possible Tyrannosauroids:
†Aviatyrannis jurassica Rauhut, 2003; U.Jur. SWEu.
†Deinodon Leidy, 1856 (nomen vanum sensu Russell, 1970)
†Prodeinodon mongoliensis Osborn, 1924 (incertae sedis)
†Prodeinodon kwangshiensis Hou, et al., 1975
†Dryptosaurus aquilungis (Cope, 1866) [Lealaps aquilungis Cope, 1866]
†Itemirus medullaris Kurzanov, 1976a
†Labocania anomola Molnar, 1974
†Siamotyrannus isanensis Buffetaut, Suteethorn, & Tong, 1996 [possibly advanced allosauroid??]
†Alectrosaurus olseni Gilmore, 1933a (nomen dubium)
†Albertosaurus periculosus Riabinin, 1930 (nomen dubium, possibly Tarbosaurus)
†Chingkankousaurus fragilis Young, 1958
†Dinotyrannus megagracilis (Paul, 1988) [Albertosaurus megagracilis Paul, 1988]
†Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Dong, 1979 (“kiinantyrannisaurus”)
Alternative phylogenies of Tyrannosauroidea:
After Holtz, 2000, and Carr, Williamson & Schwimmer, 2005 (reduced to genera)<==o †Tyrannosauroidea |-- †Guanlong `--+-- †Dilong `--+-- †Eotyrannus `--+?- †Siamotyrannus |?- †Labocania |--+?- †Stokesosaurus | `?- †Itemirus `--+?- †Dryptosaurus `--+?- †Appalachiosaurus `--o †Tyrannosauridae |?- †Bistahieversor |==o †“Aublysodontinae” [juveline forms of the larger tyrannosaurines] | |?- †“Kirtland Shale aublysodontine” | |?- †Aublysodon | |?- †Alectrosaurus | `?- †Stygivenator [Aublysodon] `--o †Tyrannosaurinae |?- †“Two Medicine tyrannosaurine” |-- †Alioramus `--+?- †Shanshanosaurus `--+-- †Albertosaurus |-- †Gorgosaurus `--o ?†Tyrannosaurini |-- †Daspletosaurus `--+-- †Tarbosaurus `-- †Tyrannosaurus Reference(s):
|
After Sereno, Tan, Brusatte, Kriegstein, Zhao & Cloward, 2009, and Brusatte, Norell, Carr, Erickson, Hutchinson, Balanoff, Bever, Choiniere, Makovicky & Xu, 2010<==o †Tyrannosauroidea |--o †Proceratosauridae | |-- †Kileskus | `--+-- †Guanlong | `-+-- †Proceratosaurus | `-- †Sinotyrannus `--+-- †Dilong `--+--+-- †Eotyrannus | `-- †Stokesosaurus `--+-- Xiongguanlong `--+-- †Dryptosaurus `--+-- †Raptorex `--+-- †Appalachiosaurus `--+-- †Bistahieversor `--o †Tyrannosauridae |--+-- †Albertosaurus | `-- †Gorgosaurus `--+-- †Alioramus `--+-- “Utah taxon” `--+-- †Daspletosaurus `--+-- †Tarbosaurus `-- †Tyrannosaurus Reference(s):
|
Reference(s):
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