After Winkler, Murry & Jacobs, 1990, Larson, 1996 [“The Tree of Life”] and Shishkin, 2000
<==o Salamandroidea sensu Larson & Dimmick, 1993 [Salamandriformes Milner, 2000; Salamandroidea sensu Gao & Shubin, 2012] (salamanterit) |?- †Apricosiren Evans & McGowan, 2002; L.Cret. WEu. |?- †Calverpeton Estes & Sanchíz, 1982; L.Cret. WEu. |?- †Comonecturoides marshi Hecht & Estes, 1960 |?- †Hylaeobatrachus Dollo, 1884; L.Cret. WEu. |?- †Iridotriton hechti Evans, Lally, Chure, Elder & Maisano, 2005; U.Jur. WNA. [reassignated as basal Hynobiids by Gao & Shubin, 2012] `--+-- †Valdotriton Evans & Milner, 1996; L.Cret. WEu. `--+--+-- Plethodontidae [Plethodontoidea (lungless salamanders; keuhkottomat salamanterit) | `-- Amphiumidae Gray, 1825 emend. Gray, 1850 [Amphiumoidea Gray, 1825](amphiumas, congo eels; ankeriasliskot) `--+--o Rhyacotriton [Rhyacotritonidae Good & Wake, 1992] (torrent salamanders; koskisalamanterit, länsirannikon-) | |--+-- R. olympicus (olympiankoskisalamanteri) | | `-- R. kezeri | `--+-- R. cascadae (kaskadivuortenkoskisalamanteri) | `-- R. variegatus |-- Proteidae [Proteoidea Cope, 1866; Proteida Cope, 1866] (mudpuppies & waterdogs; olmiensukuiset salamanterit) [possibly a polyphyletic group] `--o Salamandroidea Noble, 1931 (salamanterit) |-- Salamandridae Goldfuss, 1820 (newts; aitosalamanterit) [15?/69] `--o Ambystomatoidea Noble, 1931 (aksolotliensukuiset salamanterit) |-- Dicamptodontidae (tyynenmerensalamanterit) `-- Ambystomatidae (aksolotlit)
After Trueb, 1993
<==o Salamandroidea |--+-- Proteidae [Proteoidea Cope, 1866; Proteida Cope, 1866] (mudpuppies & waterdogs; olmiensukuiset salamanterit) [possibly a polyphyletic group] | `-- Amphiumidae Gray, 1825 emend. Gray, 1850 [Amphiumoidea Gray, 1825](amphiumas, congo eels; ankeriasliskot) `--+--+-- Sirenidae (sirens; mutaliskot) [2/4] [Sirenoidea; Meantes; Trachystomata] | `-- Plethodontidae [Plethodontoidea (lungless salamanders; keuhkottomat salamanterit) `--+-- Salamandridae (aitosalamanterit) [15?/69] |?- Dicamptodontidae (tyynenmerensalamanterit) |?- Rhyacotritonidae Good & Wake, 1992 `-- Ambystomatidae (aksolotlit)
Salamandroidea incertae sedis:
†Scapherpetontidae Auffenberg & Goin, 1959 [are ambystomatoids (Shishkin, 2000)??]
†Eoscapherpetontinae Nesov, 1981
†Horezmia gracile Nesov, 1981
†Eoscapherpeton Nesov, 1981
†E. asiaticum Nesov, 1981
†E. superum Nesov, 1997
†Scapherpetontinae (Auffenberg & Goin, 1959)
?†Lisserpeton
?†Piceoerpeton
†Scapherpeton tectum [Hedronchus, Hemitrypus]
o †Batrachosauroididae Auffenberg, 1958 [are proteoids (Shishkin, 2000)??]
|?- †Mynbulakia surgayi Nesov, 1981
|?- †Peratosauroides problematica U. Mioc. SWNA.
|-- †Parrisia neocesariensis Denton & O'Neill, 1998; CNA.
`--+-- †Prodesmodon copei Estes, 1964 [Cuttysarkus]
`--+--o †Opisthotriton
| |-- †O. kayi
| `-- †O. gidleyi
`--+-- †Batrachosauroides
`-- †Palaeoproteus
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Denton Jr, R. K. & O'Neill, R. C., 1998: Parrisia neocesariensis, a new batrachosauroidid salamander and other amphibians from the Campanian of eastern North America.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #3, pp. 484-494 - Evans, S. E., Lally, C., Chure, D. C., Elder, A. & Maisano, J. A., 2005: A Late Jurassic salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Morrison Formation of North America.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 143, #4, pp. 599-616 - Larson, A., 1996: Caudata – Salamanders.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Caudata&contgroup=Living_amphibians - Larson, A., 1996: Rhyacotritonidae - Torrent Salamanders.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Rhyacotritonidae&contgroup=Caudata - Shishkin, M. A., 2000:
Mezosoic amphibians from Mongolia and the Central Asiatic republics. 297-308
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696 - Winkler, D. A., Murry, P. A. & Jacobs, L. M., 1990: Early Cretaceous (Comanchean) vertebrates of central Texas.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 10, #1, pp. 95-116