After Luo, Cifelli, & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001 and Luo, Kielan-Jaworowska & Cifelli, 2002
Alternative phylogeny after McKenna & Bell, 1997
Alternative phylogeny after Wang, Clemens, Hu & Li, 1998
Alternative phylogeny after Rougier, Wible, Beck & Apesteguía, 2012
<==o Cladotheria McKenna, 1975 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Luo, Cifelli, & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001 |?- †Butlerigale Kühne, 1968 [possibly pathological Dryolestes leiriensis] |--o †Dryolestoidea Butler, 1939 [Dryolestiformes Kinman, 1994; incl. Pantotheria, Marsh, 1880] | `--o †Dryolestida Prothero, 1981 | |-- †Dryolestidae Marsh, 1879 [Dryolestida sensu stricto (Rougier, Wible, Beck & Apesteguía, 2012)] | `--+-- †Paurodontidae Marsh, 1887 [non Paurodontidae Thorne, 1941, a nematode-family (Dykes, 2001)] | `-- †Meridiolestida Rougier, Apesteguia & Gaetano, 2011 `--o Zatheria McKenna, 1975 |?- †Arguimus khosbajari Dashzeveg, 1979 [Arguitherium cromptoni Dashzeveg, 1994] [Arguimuridae Dashzeveg, 1979, incl. Arguitheriidae Dashzeveg, 1994] |?-o †Nanolestes T Martin, 2002 | |-- †N. drescherae T. Martin, 2002 | `-- †N. krusati T Martin, 2002 |?- †Minimus richardfoxi Sigogneau-Russell, 1999 |?- †Magnimus ensomi Sigogneau-Russell, 1999 |?- †Afriquiamus nessovi Sigogneau-Russell, 1999 |-- †Vincelestes neuquenianus Bonaparte, 1986 [Vincelestidae Bonaparte, 1986] `--+-- Boreosphenida Luo, Cifelli, & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001 `--+--o †Amphitheriidae Owen, 1846 [Amphitheriida Prothero, 1981] | |?- †Palaeoxonodon ooliticus Freeman, 1976 [Palaeoxonodon freemani Sigogneau-Russell, 2003; Kennetheridium leesi Sigogneau-Russell, 2003] | `--o †Amphitherium de Blainville, 1838 [taxonomic history] | |-- †A. rixoni Butler & Clemens, 2001 | `-- †A. prevostii de Blainville, 1838 [Amphitherium oweni Osborn 1888; Amphitylus oweni Osborn, 1888] `--o †Peramuridae Kretzoi, 1946 [non 1960?] [Peramura McKenna, 1975] |?- †Afriquiamus nessovi Sigogneaue-Russell, 1999 |?- †Kiyatherium cardiodens Maschenko, Lopatin & Voronkevich, 2002 |?- †Magnimus ensomi Sigogneaue-Russell, 1999 |?- †Minimus richardfoxi Sigogneaue-Russell, 1999 |?- †Tendagurutherium dietrichi Heinrich, 1998 |-- †Peramus tenuirostris Owen, 1871 [Leptocladus Owen, 1871] `--+?- †Palaeoxonodon ooliticus Freeman, 1976 [Palaeoxonodon freemani Sigogneau-Russell, 2003; Kennetheridium leesi Sigogneau-Russell, 2003] [treated as Amphitheriid by Close et al., 2016] `--+-- †Abelodon abeli (Brunet, Coppens, Dejax, Flynn, Heintz, Hell, Jacops, Jehenne, Mouchelin, Pilbeam & Sudre, 1990) Brunet, 1991 `-- †Pocamus pepelu Canudo & Cuenca-Besc´s, 1996
After McKenna & Bell, 1997<==o Cladotheria |?- †Butlerigale |?-o †Ausktribosphenidae | |?- †Bishops | `-- †Ausktribosphenos |--o †Dryolestoidea | |-- †Dryolestida | `--o †Amphitheriida | `--o †Amphitheriidae | `-- †Amphitherium `--o Zatheria |?- †Arguitherium |?- †Arguimus |?- †Nanolestes |?- †Vincelestes |-- †Peramura `-- Tribosphenida Reference(s):
|
After Wang, Clemens, Hu & Li, 1998<==o Cladotheria |?- †Butlerigale |--o †Dryolestoidea | `-- †Dryolestida `--o Amphitheriida |-- †Amphitherium `--o Zatheria |?- †Arguitherium |?- †Arguimus |?- †Nanolestes |?- †Vincelestes |-- †Peramura `-- Tribosphenida Reference(s):
|
After Rougier, Wible, Beck & Apesteguía, 2012<==o Cladotheria |-- †Dryolestidae `--+-- †Paurodontidae `--+-- †Meridiolestida `-- Boreosphenida Reference(s):
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Reference(s):
- Butler, P. M. & Clemens, W. A., 2001: Dental morphology of the Jurassic holotherian mammal Amphitherium, with a discussion of the evolution of mammalian post-canine dental formulae.
–Paleontology: Vol. 44, #1, pp. 1-20 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Close, R. A., Davis, B. M., Walsh, S., Wolniewicz, A. S., Friedman, M. & Benson, R. B. J., 2016: A lower jaw of Palaeoxonodon from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye, Scotland, sheds new light on the diversity of British stem therians.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 59, #1, pp. 155-169 [doi: 10.1111/pala.12218] - Dykes, T., 2001: "Basal" Cladotheria and Peramuridae.
–iNet: Mesozoic mammals – an internet directory: http://home.arcor.de/ktdykes/cladoth.htm (discontinued) - Heinrich, W.-D., 1998: Late Jurassic Mammals from Tendaguru, Tanzania, East Africa.
–Journal of Mammalian Evolution: Vol. 5, #4, pp. 269-290 [doi: 10.1023/A:1020548010203] - Lopatin, A. &: Averianov, A., 2006: Revision of a pretribosphenic mammal Arguimus from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 51, #2, pp. 339-349 - Luo, Z.-X., Cifelli, R. L. & Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., 2001: Dual origin of tribosphenic mammals.
–Nature: Vol. 409, 4 January, pp. 53-57 - Luo, Z.-X., Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. & Cifelli, R. L., 2002: In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 47, #1, pp. 1-78 - Martin, T., 2002: New stem-lineage representatives of Zatheria (Mammalia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #2, pp. 332-348 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Rich, T. H. V., Flannery, T. F., Trusler, P., Kool, L., van Klaveren, N. A. & Vickers-Rich, P., 2002: Evidence that monotremes and ausktribosphenids are not sistergroups.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #2, pp. 466-469 - Sigogneau-Russell, D., 1999: Réévaluation des Peramura (Mammalia, Cladotheria) sur la base de nouveaux spécimens du Crétacé inférieur d'Angleterre et du Maroc.
[Reevaluation of Peramura (Mammalia, Cladotheria) based on new specimens from Lower Cretaceous of United Kingdom and Marocco]
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 21, #1, pp. 93-127 - Wang, Y., Clemens, W. M., Hu, Y. & Li, C., 1998: A probable pseudo-tribosphenic upper molar from the Late Jurassic of China and the early radiation of the Holotheria.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 18, #4, pp. 777-787