After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Rougier, Novacek, Pascual & Gelfo, 2000, Gelfo & Pascual, 2001, Rougier, Forasiepi, Hill & Novacek, 2009, Rougier, Apesteguia & Gaetano, 2011 and Rougier, Wible, Beck & Apesteguía, 2012
<==o †Dryolestida Prothero, 1981 [paraphyletic sensu Rougier, Wible, Beck & Apesteguía, 2012] |?- †Menacodon rarus Marsh, 1887 |?- †Parungulatum rectangularis Bonaparte, 1999 |?-o †Symmetrodontoides Fox, 1979 [sensu Bonaparte, 1999, has been treated as a Spalacotheroid by Cifelli, Wible & Jenkins jr., 1998.] | |-- †S. foxi Cifelli & Madsen, 1986 | |-- †S. canadensis Fox, 1979 | `-- †S. oligodentos Cifelli, 1990c |?-o †Casamiqueliidae Bonaparte, 1999 | |?- †Casamiquelia rionegrina Bonaparte, 1990 [after Averianov, 2002] | |-- †Rougietherium tricuspes Bonaparte, 1999 [Rougiertherium Bonaparte, 1999; lapsus calami?] | `-- †Alamitherium bishopi Bonaparte, 1999 |?- †Brandonia intermedia Bonaparte, 1992 [Brandoniidae Bonaparte, 1992] |-- †Donodon prescriptoris Sigogneau-Russell, 1991 [Donodontidae Sigogneau-Russell, 1991] `--+--o †Dryolestidae Marsh, 1879 [Dryolestida sensu stricto (Rougier, Wible, Beck & Apesteguía, 2012)] | |-- †Phascolestes mustelula Owen, 1871 | |-- †Miccylotyrans minimus Simpson, 1927 | |?- †Lakotalestes luoi Cifelli, Davis & Sames, 2014 | |--o †Laolestes Simpson, 1927 [incl.? Melanodon] | | |-- †L. andresi Martin, T. 1999 | | |-- †L. grandis | | `-- †L. eminensis Simpson, 1927 [Dryolestes priscus Marsh, 1878] | |--o †Melanodon Simpson, 1927 [Malthacolestes] | | |-- †M. oweni Simpson, 1927 [Malthacolestes osborni Simpson, 1927]; Laolestes oweni (Simpson, 1927) | | |-- †M. goodrichi Simpson, 1929 [Herpetairus humilus Simpson, 1929; Laolestes goodrichi (Simpson, 1929)] | | |-- †M. godsoni [M. sp. cf. M. goodrichi??] | | `-- †M. hodsoni | |--o †Amblotherium Owen, 1871 [taxonomic history] | | |-- †A. nanum | | |-- †A. pusillus (Owen, 1866) | | |-- †A. gracilis (Marsh, 1879) Simpson, 1927 [taxonomic history] | | `-- †A. debilis Simpson, 1927 | |--o †Dryolestes Marsh, 1878 [taxonomic history] | | |-- †D. leiriensis | | |-- †D. obtusus Marsh, 1880 | | |-- †D. priscus Marsh, 1878 [taxonomic history] | | |-- †D. vorax Marsh, 1879 | | `-- †D. tenax Marsh, 1889 | |-- †Portopinheirdon asymmetricus Martin, T. 1999 | |-- †Peraspalax talpoides Owen, 1871 | |-- †Kurtodon pusillus Osborn, 1887 [Curtodon Zittel, 1892; Cyrtodon Winge, 1893] | |-- †Crusafontia cuencana Henkel & Krebs, 1969 | |--o †Groeberitherium Bonaparte, 1986 | | |-- †G. stipanicici Bonaparte, 1986 | | `-- †G. novasi Bonaparte, 1986 | `-- †Malthacolestes osborni Simpson, 1927 [recognized as a valid genus by McKenna & Bell, 1997, as a synonym of Melanodon oweni by Dykes, 2001] `--+-- Boreosphenida Luo, Cifelli, & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001 (therian mammals and relatives) `--+--o †Paurodontidae Marsh, 1887 [non Paurodontidae Thorne, 1941, a nematode-family (Dykes, 2001)] | |-- †Araeodon intermissus Simpson, 1937 | |--o †Archaeotrigon Simpson, 1927 | | |-- †A. brevimaxillus Simpson, 1927 | | `-- †A. distagmus Simpson, 1929 [A. secundus] | |-- †Brancatherulum tendagurense Dietrich, 1927 | |-- †Comotherium richi Prothero, 1981 | |-- †Dorsetodon haysomi Ensom & Sigogneau-Russell, 1998 | |-- †Euthlastus cordiformis Simpson, 1927 | |-- †Foxraptor atrox Bakker & Carpenter, 1990 | |-- †Henkelotherium guimarotae Krebs, 1991 [Simpsonodon splendens Kühne, 1969 nomen nudum] | |-- †Paurodon valens Marsh, 1887 | |-- †Pelicopsis dubius Simpson, 1927 | `-- †Tathiodon agilis Simpson, 1927 `--o †Meridiolestida Rougier, Apesteguia & Gaetano, 2011 |?- †Meridiolestida indet. [Austrotriconodon sepulvedai Bonaparte, 1992 nomen dubium] (Gaetano et al., 2013) |--o †“Necrolestoidea” | |-- †Leonardus cuspidatus Bonaparte, 1990 | `--+-- †Cronopio dentiacutus Rougier, Apesteguia & Gaetano, 2011 | `--o †Necrolestidae Ameghino, 1894 | `--o †Necrolestes Ameghino, 1894 sensu Rougier, Wible, Beck & Apesteguía, 2012 | |-- †N. patagonensis Ameghino, 1891 | `-- †N. mirabilis Goin et al., 2007 `--o †“Mesetungulatoidea” |-- †Reigitherium bunodontum Bonaparte, 1990 [Reigitheriidae Bonaparte, 1990] [is a docodont, not dryolestoid? (Pascual, Goin, Gonzalez, Ardolino & Puerta, 2000)] |?- †Austrotriconodon mckennai Bonaparte, 1986 [Austrotriconodon ferox Bonaparte, 1986] [Austrotriconodontidae Bonaparte, 1990] `--o †Mesungulatidae Bonaparte, 1986 sensu Rougier et al., 2009 |-- †Peligrotherium tropicalis Bonaparte, Van Valen & Kramartz, 1993 [Peligotheriidae Bonaparte, Van Valen & Kramartz, 1993] `--+-- †Mesungulatum houssayi Bonaparte & Soria, 1985 `-- †Coloniatherium cilinskii Rougier, Forasiepi, Hill & Novacek, 2009
After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Rougier, Novacek, Pascual & Gelfo, 2000, and Gelfo & Pascual, 2001<==o †Dryolestida |?- †Menacodon |?- †Parungulatum |?- †Symmetrodontoides |?-o †Casamiqueliidae | |?- †Casamiquelia | |-- †Rougiertherium | `-- †Alamitherium |-- †Donodon `--+--+-- †Peligrotherium | `-- †Mesungulatum `--+-- †Reigitherium `--+-- †Brandonia `--+-- †Paurodontidae `-- †Dryolestidae |
Reference(s):
- Bonaparte, J. F., 1999: New Dryolestida (Theria) from the Late Cretaceous Los Alamitos Formation (Argentina) and paleogeographical comments. A11
in Leanza, H. A., (ed.) 1999: Abstracts of VII International Symposium on Mezosoic Terrestrial Ecosystems.
–VII International Symposium on Mezosoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Buenos Aires, 1999, A1-A65 - Cifelli, R. L., Davis, B. M. & Sames, B., 2014: Earliest Cretaceous mammals from the western United States.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 59, #1, pp. 31-52 [doi: 10.4202/app.2012.0089] - Dykes, T., 2001: Paurodontidae and Dryolestidae.
–iNet: Mesozoic mammals – an internet directory: http://home.arcor.de/ktdykes/dryolest.htm (discontinued) - Gaetano, L. C., Marsicano, C. A. & Rougier, G. W., 2013: A revision of the putative Late Cretaceous triconodonts from South America.
–Cretaceous Research: Vol. 46, pp. 90-100 [doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2013.09.007] - Gelfo, J. N. & Pascual, R., 2001: Peligrotherium tropicalis (Mammalia, Dryolestida) from the early Paleocene of Patagonia, a survival from a Mesozoic Gondwanan radiation.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 23, #3, pp. 369-379 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Pascual, R., Goin, F.J., González, P., Ardolino, A. & Puerta, P.F., 2000: A highly derived docodont from the Patagonian Late Cretaceous: Evolutionary implications for Gondwanan mammals.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 22, #3, pp. 395-414 - Rougier, G. W., Apesteguia, S. & Gaetano, L. C., 2011: Highly specialized mammalian skulls from the Late Cretaceous of South America.
–Nature: Vol. 479, #7371, pp. 98-102 [doi: 10.1038/nature10591] - Rougier, G. W., Forasiepi, A. M., Hill, R. V. & Novacek, M., 2009: New Mammalian Remains from the Late Cretaceous La Colonia Formation, Patagonia, Argentina.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 54, #2, pp. 195-212 [doi: 10.4202/app.2006.0026] - Rougier, G. W., Novacek, M. J., Pascual, R. & Gelfo, J. N., 2000: New Late Creteceous mammals from Argentina and the survival of Mesozoic lineages in the patagonian Early Tertiary.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #3, suppl. to #3, 65A - Rougier, G. W., Wible, J. R., Beck, R. M. D. & Apesteguía, S., 2012: The Miocene mammal Necrolestes demonstrates the survival of a Mesozoic nontherian lineage into the late Cenozoic of South America.
–Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: in press [doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212997109]