After Borsuk-Bialynicka & Evans, 2009, Evans, 2009, and Evans & Borsuk-Bialynicka, 2009, Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014, Nesbitt, Flynn, Pritchard, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana & Wyss, 2015, and Sengupta, Ezcurra & Bandyopadhyay, 2017
<==o Sauria Gauthier, 1984 sensu Carroll, 1988 |?- †Thalattosauriformes sensu Nicholls, 1999 |--o Lepidosauromorpha Gauthier, 1984 sensu Gauthier, Estes & deQueiroz, 1988 | |?- †Sauropterygia (sauropterygians, plesiosaur-like diapsids; joutsenliskomaiset matelijat) | `--+--+-- †Fraxinisaura rozynekae Schoch & Sues, 2018 | | `--o †Marmoretta Evans, 1991 | | |?- †M. sp. [Portugal] [Rieppel, 1994] | | `-- †M. oxoniensis Evans, 1991 | `--+-- †Sophineta cracoviensis Evans & Borsuk-Bialynicka, 2009 | `-- Lepidosauriformes Gauthier, Estes & deQueiroz, 1988 (lepidosaurs, lizard-like diapsids; liskomaiset matelijat) `--o Archosauromorpha von Huene, 1946 sensu Benton, 1985 [alternative phylogeny of Archosauromorpha after Sues, 2003] |?-o †Sharovipterygidae Tatarinov, 1989 [Podopterygidae Sharov, 1971 (nomen nudum)] | |-- †Sharovipteryx mirabilis (Sharov, 1971) [Podopteryx mirabilis Sharov, 1971] | `-- †Ozimek volans Dzik & Sulej, 2016 |--o †Protorosauria Huxley, 1871 sensu Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014 | |--o †Protorosauridae Lydekker, 1888 | | |-- †Aenigmastropheus parringtoni Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014 | | |-- †Czatkowiella harae Borsuk-Bialynicka & Evans, 2009 | | `-- †Protorosaurus speneri Meyer, 1830 | `--+-- †Jesairosaurus lehmani Jalil, 1997 | `--o †Tanystropheidae Gervais, 1858 | |-- †Macrocnemus basanii (Nopcsa, 1930) [Macrochemus; Macrocnemus bassanni Nopcsa, 1930] | `--o †Tanystropheus Meyer, 1855 [Tribelesodon Bassani, 1886; Procerosaurus von Huene, 1902] | |-- †T. conspicuus Meyer, 1855 | |-- †T. longobardicus (Bassani, 1886) [Tribelesodon longobardicus Bassani, 1886] | `-- †T. meridensis Wild, 1980 `--o Crocopoda Ezcurra, 2016 |--o †Allokotosauria Nesbitt, Flynn, Pritchard, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana & Wyss, 2015 [Trilophosauria Gregory, 1945 sensu Romer, 1956] | |--o †Azendohsauridae Nesbitt, Flynn, Pritchard, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana & Wyss, 2015 | | |-- †Pamelaria dolichotrachela K. Sen, 2003 | | |-- †Shringasaurus indicus Sengupta, Ezcurra & Bandyopadhyay, 2017; M.Trias. Ind. | | `--o †Azendohsaurus Dutuit, 1972; L.Trias. WNAf. Mad. | | |-- †A. laaroussi Dutuit, 1972 | | `-- †A. madagaskarensis Flynn et al., 2010 [Sauropodomorpha genera et species indet. (Flynn et al., 1999)] | `--o †Trilophosauria Gregory, 1945 sensu Romer, 1956 [Trilophosauridae sensu Nesbitt et al., 2015] | |-- †Teraterpeton hrynewichorum Sues, 2003 [†Teraterpetonidae Sues, 2003] | `--o †Trilophosauridae Gregory, 1945 | |?- †Anisodontosaurus greeri Welles, 1947; L. Trias. NAm. | |?- †Doniceps lipovensis Ochev & Rykov, 1968; L.Trias. EEu. | |-- †Tricuspisaurus thomasi Robinson, 1957; U. Trias. WEu. | |-- †Variodens inopinatus Robinson, 1957; U. Trias. WEu. | `==o †Trilophosaurus Case, 1928 [Chinleogomphius Sues & Olsen, 1993] U. Trias. NAm. | |?- †Trilophosaurus dornorum Müller & Parker, 2006 | |-- †Trilophosaurus buettneri Case, 1928 | `--+-- †Trilophosaurus jacobsi Murry, 1987 [Chinleogomphius jacobsi (Murry) Sues & Olsen, 1993] | `-- †Spinosuchus caseanus von Huene, 1932; L.Trias. SWNAm. `--+--o †Rhynchosauria Osborn, 1903 sensu Pritchard, Gauthier, Hanson, Bever & Bhullar, 2018 | |?- †Colobops noviportensis Pritchard, Gauthier, Hanson, Bever & Bhullar, 2018 | `-- †Rhynchosauria Osborn, 1903 `--+--o †Prolacertidae Parrington, 1935 [Prolacertiformes] | |?- †Kadimakara australiensis Bartholomai, 1979 | `-- †Prolacerta broomi Parrington, 1935 `-- Archosauriformes Gauthier, 1986 (arkosaurimaiset matelijat; archosaur-like diapsids)
Alternative phylogenies of Sauria:
After Sengupta, Ezcurra & Bandyopadhyay, 2017<==o Sauria |-- †Choristodera |-- Lepidosauromorpha `--o Archosauromorpha |-- †Aenigmastropheus `--+-- †Protorosaurus `--+--+-- †Jesairosaurus | `-- †Tanystropheidae `--o Crocopoda |--o †Allokotosauria | |--+-- †Pamelaria | | `--o †Azendohsauridae | | |-- †Shringasaurus | | `-- †Azendohsaurus | `--o †Trilophosauria | |-- †Teraterpeton | `--o †Trilophosauridae | |-- †Spinosuchus | `-- †Trilophosaurus `--+-- †Boreopricea `--+--o †Prolacertidae | |-- †Kadimakara | `-- †Prolacerta `--+-- †Tasmaniosaurus `-- Archosauriformes References:
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After Ezcurra, 2016 (fig. 48<==o Sauria |-- †Choristodera |-- Lepidosauromorpha `--o Archosauromorpha |-- †Aenigmastropheus `--+-- †Protorosaurus `--+--+-- †Jesairosaurus | `-- †Tanystropheidae `--o Crocopoda |--o †Allokotosauria | |-- †Pamelaria | `--+-- †Azendohsaurus | `-- †Trilophosauridae `--+-- †Boreopricea `--+--o †Prolacertidae | |-- †Kadimakara | `-- †Prolacerta `--+-- †Tasmaniosaurus `-- Archosauriformes References:
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After Nesbitt, Flynn, Pritchard, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana & Wyss, 2015<==o Sauria |-- Lepidosauromorpha `--o Archosauromorpha |-- †Protorosaurus `--+--+-- †Macrocnemus | `--+--+-- †Langobardisaurus | | `-- †Tanytrachelos | `--+-- †Amotosaurus | `-- †Tanystropheus `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `--+--o †Allokotosauria | |-- †Pamelaria | `--+--o †Azendohsauridae | | `-- †Azendohsaurus | `--o †Trilophosauridae | |-- †Teraterpeton | `--+-- †Trilophosaurus buettneri | `--+-- †Trilophosaurus jacobsi | `-- †Spinosuchus caseanus `--+-- †Prolacerta `-- Archosauriformes References:
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After Schoch & Sues, 2015<==o Sauria |--+-- †Choristodera | `--+-- †Prolacerta | `--+-- Archosauriformes | `--+-- †Trilophosaurus | `-- †Rhynchosauria `--+--+-- †Kuehneosauridae | `--+-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--+--+-- †Eusauropterygia | `--+-- †Sinosaurosphargis | `--+-- †Cyamodus | `-- †Placodus `--o Pan-Testudinata |-- †Eunotosaurus `--+-- †Pappochelys `--+-- †Odontochelys `-- Testudines References:
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After Motani, Jiang, Chen, Tintori, Rieppel, Ji & Huang, 2014<==o Sauria |--+--+-- †Helveticosaurus | | `-- †Choristodera | `--o Lepidosauriformes | |-- †Coelurosauravus | `--+-- †Sophineta | `--+--+-- †Pamelina | | `-- †Kuehneosauridae | `--+-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--+--+--+-- †Tanystropheus | | `-- †Macrocnemus | `--+-- †Prolacerta | `--+-- †Trilophosaurus | `--+-- †Rhynchosauria | `-- Archosauriformes `--+-- †Thalattosauriformes `--+-- †Wumengosaurus |-- †Ichthyosauromorpha `--o †Sauropterygia |--+-- †Largocephalosaurus | `-- †Sinosaurosphargis `--+-- †Placodus |-- †Pachypleurosauroidea `--o †Eusauropterygia |-- †Nothosauroidea `-- †Pistosauroidea Reference(s):
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After Chen, Motani, Cheng, Jiang & Rieppel, 2014b<==o Sauria |--o Archosauromorpha | |-- †Choristodera | `--+--+-- †Prolacerta | | `--+-- †Tanystropheus | | `-- †Macrocnemus | `--+-- †Trilophosaurus | `--+-- †Rhynchosauria | `-- Archosauriformes `--o Lepidosauromorpha |--o Lepidosauriformes | |-- †Helveticosaurus | `--+--+-- †Pamelina | | `-- †Kuehneosauridae | `--+-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--o †Sauropterygia |--+-- †Largocephalosaurus | `-- †Sinosaurosphargis `--+-- †Placodus `--+-- †Pachypleurosauroidea `--o †Eusauropterygia |-- †Nothosauroidea `-- †Pistosauroidea Reference(s):
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After Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014<==o Sauria |--o Lepidosauromorpha | |-- †Paliguana | |-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--o Archosauromorpha |--o †Protorosauria s.s. | |--o †Protorosauridae | | |-- †Aenigmastropheus | | `-- †Protorosaurus | `--o †Tanystropheidae | |-- †Tanystropheus | `-- †Macrocnemus `--+--o †Trilophosauria | `-- †Trilophosaurus `--+--o †Rhynchosauria | |-- †Noteosuchus | |-- †Mesosuchus | `-- †Howesia `--+-- †Prolacerta `-- Archosauriformes Reference(s):
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After Borsuk-Bialynicka & Evans, 2009, Evans, 2009, and Evans & Borsuk-Bialynicka, 2009<==o Sauria |--o Lepidosauromorpha | |--+-- †Drepanosauridae | | `--o †Kuehneosauridae | | |-- †Pamelina | | `--+-- †Kuehneosaurus | | `-- †Icarosaurus | `--o Lepidosauriformes | |-- †Marmoretta | `--+-- †Sophineta | `--o Lepidosauria | |-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--+--+-- †Czatkowiella | `-- †Protorosaurus `--+-- †Coelurosauravus `--+-- Archosauromorpha |-- †Choristodera `--+-- †Thalattosauriformes `--+-- †Ichthyosauromorpha `--+-- †Sauropterygia `-- Testudinata Reference(s):
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After Gottmann-Quesada & Sander, 2009<==o Sauria |--o Lepidosauromorpha | |-- Rhynchocephalia | `-- Squamata `--+-- †Choristodera `--o Archosauromorpha |--+-- †Protorosaurus | `-- †Megalancosaurus `--+--o †Tanystropheidae | |-- †Macrocnemus | `-- †Tanystropheus `--+--+-- †Trilophosaurus | `-- †Rhynchosauria `--+-- †Pamelaria `--+-- †Prolacerta `-- Archosauriformes Reference(s):
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After Jalil, 1997<==o Diapsida |-- Petrolacosaurus `--+-- Youngina `--o Sauria |--o Lepidosauromorpha | |-- Sphenodontida | `-- Squamata `--o Archosauromorpha |-- †Choristodera `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `--+-- †Trilophosaurus `--+-- †Prolacertiformes `-- Archosauriformes |
After Rieppel & deBraga, 1996, deBraga & Rieppel, 1997, Gao & Fox, 1998, Rieppel, 2000, and Zardoya & Meyer, 2001<==o Sauria |?- †Thalattosauriformes |--o Lepidosauromorpha | |-- †Acerosodontosaurus | |-- Lepidosauriformes | `--+?- Testudinata | `-- †Sauropterygia `--o Archosauromorpha |?- Testudinata |--+-- Archosauriformes | `--+-- †Protorosauria | `?- †Choristodera `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `--+?- †Teraterpeton `-- †Trilophosauria Note:Some recent phylogenetic analysis based on both morphology and genetics have given a result, in which turtles are derived diapsids, either a sistergroup of Archosauria (Zardoya & Meyer 2001) or Sauropterygia (Rieppel & deBraga, 1996, deBraga & Rieppel, 1997). |
After Carroll, 1988<==o Sauria |?- †Thalattosauriformes |--o Lepidosauromorpha | |?- †Marmoretta | |-- †Acerosodontosaurus | |?- †Sauropterygia | `-- Lepidosauriformes `--o Archosauromorpha |--+-- †Protorosauria | `-- Archosauriformes `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `-- †Trilophosauria |
Reference(s):
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in Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. & Evans, S. E., (eds.) 2009: Early Triassic vertebrate assemblage from karst deposits at Czatkowice, Poland.
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