After Feduccia, 1980, 1996, Olson, 1985, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, Dyke, 2001, Peterson, 2002, and Mayr, 2003
<==o Apodiformes Peters, 1940 (housemartins, hummingbirds, and relatives; kirskulinnut) |--o †Aegialornithidae [paraphyletic] | |--o †Aegialornis | | |-- †A. gallicus [=? Cypselavus gallicus Gaillard, 1908] | | |-- †A. leenhardti | | |-- †A. wetmorei | | `-- †A. broweri | `-- †Primapus lacki Harrison & Walker |-- †Eocypselus vincenti Harrison `--o Apodiformes sensu stricto |--o Trochili [Trochiliformes] (kolibrit) | |?- †Palescyvus escampensis [paraphyletic Jungornithidae Karhu, 1988] | |--o †Cypselavidae | | |-- †Cypselavus gallicus Gaillard, 1908 | | |-- †Argornis caucasicus Karhu 1999 [paraphyletic Jungornithidae Karhu, 1988] | | `-- †Parargornis | `--+-- †Jungornis tesselatus Karhu, 1988 [paraphyletic Jungornithidae Karhu, 1988] | `-- Trochilidae Vigors, 1825 (hummingbirds; kolibrit) `--o Apodi (kirskujat) |-- †Laputavis robusta (Dyke, 2001a) Dyke, 2001b; M. Eoc. WEu. [†Laputa robusta Dyke, 2001a (non Laputa, jr. synon. of Paramonacanthus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Monacanthidae))] `--+--o Hemiprocne Nitzsch, 1829 [Hemiprocnidae] (puukiitäjät, -kirskujat) [4] | |-- H. coronata (Tickell, 1833) (Crested Treeswift) | |-- H. longipennis (Rafinesque, 1802) (töyhtökiitäjä) | |-- H. mystacea (Lesson, 1827) (isopuukiitäjä) | `-- H. comata (Temminck, 1824) (pikkupuukiitäjä) `--+?- †Eocypselus vincenti Harrison |--o †Scaniacypselus Harrison, 1984; M. Eoc. WEu. [paraphyletic Aegialornithidae] | |-- †S. wardi Harrison, 1984 | `-- †S. szarskii (Peters, 1985) Meyr & Peters, 1999 [Aegialornis szarskii Peters, 1985; Primapus szarskii (Peters, 1985) Mourer-Chauviré, 1988] `--o Apodidae (kirskujat) |-- Cypseloidinae (Nokikirskujat, -kiitäjät) [2/14] `-- Apodinae (varsinaiset kirskujat, kiitäjät) [17/90]
Reference(s):
- Dyke, G. J., 2001a: A primitive swift from the London Clay and the relationships of fossil apodiform birds.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #1, pp. 195-200 - Dyke, G. J., 2001b: Correction – Laputavis, a replacement name for Laputa Dyke, 2001 (preoccupied name).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #2, pp. 401 - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, ix-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, Hew Haven, 1996 - Louchart, A., Tourment, N., Carrier, J., Roux, T. & Mourer-Chauviré, C., 2007: Hummingbird with modern feathering: an exceptionally well-preserved Oligocene fossil from southern France. –Naturwissenschaften: #Online First, pp. 1-5 [doi: 10.1007/s00114-007-0309-0]
- Mayr, G., 2003: Phylogeny of early Tertiary swifts and hummingbirds (Aves: Apodiformes).
–The Auk: Vol. 120, #1, pp. 145-151 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2003: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2003-05-30)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-02-15] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, J. B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. XXIV-1111.