Publications

The research of the Sleep and Health group aims to uncover the biological and psychological mechanisms underlying individual differences in susceptibility to disturbed sleep, emotional dysregulation, and mental disorders. Our central premise is that only by understanding the underlying biological mechanisms and the factors contributing to inter-individual variation can we develop targeted, personalized approaches to prevent and alleviate sleep- and stress-related disturbances.

Below are selected publications illustrating our research in the areas of Sleep in development, Sleep and sleep-wake rhythms in brain health, Biomarkers and individual vulnerability to disturbed sleep and circadian disruption, Individual variation in susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, and Psychological distress and brain health.
Sleep in development
  1. Juulia Paavonen E, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Pölkki P, Kylliäinen A, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Paunio T. Maternal and paternal sleep during pregnancy in the Child-sleep birth cohort. Sleep Med. 2017 Jan;29:47-56
  2. Karlsson L, Tolvanen M, Scheinin NM, Uusitupa HM, Korja R, Ekholm E, Tuulari JJ, Pajulo M, Huotilainen M, Paunio T, Karlsson H; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study Group. Cohort Profile: The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study (FinnBrain). Int J Epidemiol. 2018 Feb 1;47(1):15-16j
  3. Kiviruusu O, Pietikäinen JT, Kylliäinen A, Pölkki P, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Marttunen M, Paunio T, Paavonen EJ. Trajectories of mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 24 months postpartum. J Affect Disord. 2020 Jan 1;260:629-637 
  4. Paavonen EJ, Morales-Muñoz I, Pölkki P, Paunio T, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Kylliäinen A, Partonen T, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O. Development of sleep-wake rhythms during the first year of age. J Sleep Res. 2020 Jun;29(3):e12918 
  5. Morales-Muñoz I, Kantojärvi K, Uhre VM, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Kylliäinen A, Pölkki P, Himanen SL, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Paavonen EJ, Paunio T. The Effects of Genetic Background for Diurnal Preference on Sleep Development in Early Childhood. Nat Sci Sleep. 2021 Feb 16;13:219-228 
  6. Morales-Muñoz I, Paavonen EJ, Kantojärvi K, Härkänen T, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Kylliäinen A, Himanen SL, Paunio T. Genetic background to attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder symptoms at the age of 5 years: the role of sleep duration. Sleep. 2023 Jul 11;46(7):zsad047
  7. Schuurmans IK, Mulder RH, Baltramonaityte V, Lahtinen A, Qiuyu F et al. Consortium profile: the methylation, imaging and NeuroDevelopment (MIND) consortium. Mol Psychiatry. 2026 Feb;31(2):1177-1189 
Sleep and sleep-wake rhythms in brain health
  1. Paunio T, Korhonen T, Hublin C, Partinen M, Kivimäki M, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J. Longitudinal study on poor sleep and life dissatisfaction in a nationwide cohort of twins. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Jan 15;169(2):206-13 
  2. Sandman N, Valli K, Kronholm E, Ollila HM, Revonsuo A, Laatikainen T, Paunio T. Nightmares: Prevalence among the Finnish General Adult Population and War Veterans during 1972-2007. Sleep. 2013 Jul 1;36(7):1041-1050 
  3. Paunio T, Korhonen T, Hublin C, Partinen M, Koskenvuo K, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J. Poor sleep predicts symptoms of depression and disability retirement due to depression. J Affect Disord. 2015 Feb 1;172:381-9 
  4. Sandman N, Valli K, Kronholm E, Revonsuo A, Laatikainen T, Paunio T. Nightmares: risk factors among the Finnish general adult population. Sleep. 2015 Apr 1;38(4):507-14 
  5. Sandman N, Merikanto I, Määttänen H, Valli K, Kronholm E, Laatikainen T, Partonen T, Paunio T. Winter is coming: nightmares and sleep problems during seasonal affective disorder. J Sleep Res. 2016 Oct;25(5):612-619
  6. Sandman N, Valli K, Kronholm E, Vartiainen E, Laatikainen T, Paunio T. Nightmares as predictors of suicide: an extension study including war veterans. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 15;7:44756
  7. Cederlöf E, Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Haaki W, Hietala J, Häkkinen K, Isometsä E, Jukuri T, Kajanne R, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Lahdensuo K, Lönnqvist J, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Suvisaari J, Tiihonen J, Turunen H, Wegelius A, Veijola J, Palotie A, Paunio T. Sleep in Psychotic Disorders: Results From Nationwide SUPER Finland Study. Schizophr Bull Open. 2022 Feb 3;3(1):sgac011 
  8. Tanskanen TE, Wegelius A, Härkönen T, Gummerus EM, Stenberg JH, Selinheimo SIK, Alakuijala A, Tenhunen M, Paajanen T, Järnefelt H, Kajaste S, Blom K, Kieseppä T, Tuisku K, Paunio T. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2024 Jun 12;14(6):e076129 
  9. Cederlöf E, Holm M, Taipale H, Tiihonen J, Tanskanen A, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kampman O, Wegelius A, Isometsä E, Kieseppä T, Palotie A, Suvisaari J, Paunio T; SUPER-Finland study. Antipsychotic medications and sleep problems in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2024 May;267:230-238 
  10. Cederlöf E, Holm M, Kämpe A, Ahola-Olli A, Kantojärvi K, Lähteenvuo M, Ahti J, Hietala J, Häkkinen K, Isometsä E, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Kampman O, Lahdensuo K, Lönnqvist J, Tiihonen J, Turunen H, Wegelius A, Veijola J, Kieseppä T, Palotie A, Paunio T. Sleep and schizophrenia polygenic scores in non-affective and affective psychotic disorders. Psychol Med. 2025 Apr 15;55:e117 
  11. Sulkava S, Kantojärvi K, Haukka J, Paunio T. Insomnia, sleep duration and incident Parkinson's disease in the Finnish population cohort. Brain Commun. 2026 Mar 26;8(2):fcag108 
Biomarkers and individual vulnerability to disturbed sleep and circadian disruption
  1. Sulkava S, Ollila HM, Alasaari J, Puttonen S, Härmä M, Viitasalo K, Lahtinen A, Lindström J, Toivola A, Sulkava R, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Partonen T, Silander K, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Paunio T. Common Genetic Variation Near Melatonin Receptor 1A Gene Linked to Job-Related Exhaustion in Shift Workers. Sleep. 2017 Jan 1;40(1):zsw011 
  2. Leminen MM, Virkkala J, Saure E, Paajanen T, Zee PC, Santostasi G, Hublin C, Müller K, Porkka Heiskanen T, Huotilainen M, Paunio T. Enhanced Memory Consolidation Via Automatic Sound Stimulation During Non-REM Sleep. Sleep. 2017 Mar 1;40(3):zsx003 
  3. Sulkava S, Muggalla P, Sulkava R, Ollila HM, Peuralinna T, Myllykangas L, Kaivola K, Stone DJ, Traynor BJ, Renton AE, Rivera AM, Helisalmi S, Soininen H, Polvikoski T, Hiltunen M, Tienari PJ, Huttunen HJ, Paunio T. Melatonin receptor type 1A gene linked to Alzheimer's disease in old age. Sleep. 2018 Jul 1;41(7):zsy103 
  4. Lahtinen A, Puttonen S, Vanttola P, Viitasalo K, Sulkava S, Pervjakova N, Joensuu A, Salo P, Toivola A, Härmä M, Milani L, Perola M, Paunio T. A distinctive DNA methylation pattern in insufficient sleep. Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 4;9(1):1193 
  5. Lahtinen A, Häkkinen A, Puttonen S, Vanttola P, Viitasalo K, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Härmä M, Paunio T. Differential DNA methylation in recovery from shift work disorder. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 3;11(1):2895 
  6. Ollila HM, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Kantojärvi K, Broberg M, Palviainen T, Jones S, Ripatti V, Pandit A, Rong R, Kristiansson K, Sandman N, Valli K, Hublin C, Ripatti S, Widen E, Kaprio J, Saxena R, Paunio T. Nightmares share genetic risk factors with sleep and psychiatric traits. Transl Psychiatry. 2024 Feb 27;14(1):123 
  7. Ämmälä AJ, Hancox TPM, Qiuyu F, Lahtinen A, Sulkava S, Revell VL, Ackermann K, Kayser M, Skene DJ, Paunio T. Daily rhythm in DNA methylation and the effect of total sleep deprivation. J Sleep Res. 2025 Aug;34(4):e14438 
  8. Hazak A, Kantojärvi K, Liuhanen J, Sulkava S, Jääskeläinen T, Salomaa V, Koskinen S, Perola M, Paunio T. Genetic predisposition for morningness-eveningness and economic disadvantage: Evidence from Finland over 25 years. Sleep Med. 2025 Dec;136:106811 
  9. Hazak A, Kantojärvi K, Sulkava S, Kukk M, Jääskeläinen T, Salomaa V, Koskinen S, Perola M, Paunio T. Genetic disparities in sleep traits and human capital development: A 25-year study in Finnish population-based cohorts. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2026 Jan 1;52(1):63-74 
  10. Liuhanen J, Skeiky L, Kantojärvi K, Laitinen P, Hansen DA, Satterfield BC, Van Dongen HPA, Paunio T. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia is associated with psychomotor vigilance performance impairment during sleep deprivation in women. Transl Psychiatry. 2026 Jun 15 (in press) 
Individual variation in susceptibility to psychiatric disorders
  1. Paunio T, Ekelund J, Varilo T, Parker A, Hovatta I, Turunen JA, Rinard K, Foti A, Terwilliger JD, Juvonen H, Suvisaari J, Arajärvi R, Suokas J, Partonen T, Lönnqvist J, Meyer J, Peltonen L. Genome-wide scan in a nationwide study sample of schizophrenia families in Finland reveals susceptibility loci on chromosomes 2q and 5q. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Dec 15;10(26):3037-48 
  2. Paunio T, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Hiekkalinna T, Perola M, Varilo T, Partonen T, Cannon TD, Lönnqvist J, Peltonen L. Search for cognitive trait components of schizophrenia reveals a locus for verbal learning and memory on 4q and for visual working memory on 2q. Hum Mol Genet. 2004 Aug 15;13(16):1693-702 
  3. Soronen P, Silander K, Antila M, Palo OM, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Kieseppä T, Ellonen P, Wedenoja J, Turunen JA, Pietiläinen OP, Hennah W, Lönnqvist J, Peltonen L, Partonen T, Paunio T. Association of a nonsynonymous variant of DAOA with visuospatial ability in a bipolar family sample. Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Sep 1;64(5):438-42 
  4. Stefansson H, Rujescu D, Cichon S, Pietiläinen OP, Ingason A, et al. Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophrenia. Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):232-6 
  5. Stefansson H, Ophoff RA, Steinberg S, Andreassen OA, Cichon S, et al. Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia. Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):744-7 
  6. Ng MY, Levinson DF, Faraone SV, Suarez BK, DeLisi LE, Arinami T, Riley B, Paunio T, et al. Meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide linkage studies of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2009 Aug;14(8):774-85 
  7. Wessman J, Paunio T, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Koivisto M, Partonen T, Suvisaari J, Turunen JA, Wedenoja J, Hennah W, Pietiläinen OP, Lönnqvist J, Mannila H, Peltonen L. Mixture model clustering of phenotype features reveals evidence for association of DTNBP1 to a specific subtype of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Dec 1;66(11):990-6 
  8. Bevilacqua L, Doly S, Kaprio J, Yuan Q, Tikkanen R, Paunio T, et al. A population-specific HTR2B stop codon predisposes to severe impulsivity. Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1061-6. 
  9. Soronen P, Ollila HM, Antila M, Silander K, Palo OM, Kieseppä T, Lönnqvist J, Peltonen L, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Partonen T, Paunio T. Replication of GWAS of bipolar disorder: association of SNPs near CDH7 with bipolar disorder and visual processing. Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;15(1):4-6 
  10. Stoll G, Pietiläinen OPH, Linder B, Suvisaari J, Brosi C. Deletion of TOP3β, a component of FMRP-containing mRNPs, contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2013 Sep;16(9):1228-1237 
  11. Tiihonen J, Rautiainen MR, Ollila HM, Repo-Tiihonen E, Virkkunen M. Genetic background of extreme violent behavior. Mol Psychiatry. 2015 Jun;20(6):786-92 
  12. Rautiainen MR, Paunio T, Repo-Tiihonen E, Virkkunen M, Ollila HM. Genome-wide association study of antisocial personality disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2016 Sep 6;6(9):e883 
  13. Tielbeek JJ, Johansson A, Polderman TJC, Rautiainen MR, Jansen P, et al. Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Dec 1;74(12):1242-1250 
  14. Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes. Cell. 2018 Jun 14;173(7):1705-1715.e16 
  15. Singh T, Poterba T, Curtis D, Akil H, Al Eissa M, et al. Rare coding variants in ten genes confer substantial risk for schizophrenia. Nature. 2022 Apr;604(7906):509-516 
  16. Trubetskoy V, Pardiñas AF, Qi T, Panagiotaropoulou G, Awasthi S, et al. Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Nature. 2022 Apr;604(7906):502-508
  17. Lähteenvuo M, Ahola-Olli A, Suokas K, Holm M, Misiewicz Z, et al. Cohort profile: SUPER-Finland - the Finnish study for hereditary mechanisms of psychotic disorders. BMJ Open. 2023 Apr 12;13(4):e070710 

Kämpe A, Suvisaari J, Lähteenvuo M, Singh T, Ahola-Olli A, et al. Genetic contribution to disease-course severity and progression in the SUPER-Finland study, a cohort of 10,403 individuals with psychotic disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2024 Sep;29(9):2733-2741 

Psychological distress and brain health
  1. Alasaari JS, Lagus M, Ollila HM, Toivola A, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Kronholm E, Härmä M, Puttonen S, Paunio T. Environmental stress affects DNA methylation of a CpG rich promoter region of serotonin transporter gene in a nurse cohort. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45813 
  2. Selinheimo S, Vasankari T, Jokela M, Kanervisto M, Pirkola S, Suvisaari J, Paunio T. The association of psychological factors and healthcare use with the discrepancy between subjective and objective respiratory-health complaints in the general population. Psychol Med. 2019 49(1):121-131 
  3. Selinheimo, thesis Selinheimo S, Vuokko A, Hublin C, Järnefelt H, Karvala K, Sainio M, Suojalehto H, Paunio T. Psychosocial treatments for employees with non-specific and persistent physical symptoms associated with indoor air: A randomised controlled trial with a one-year follow-up. J Psychosom Res. 2020 Apr;131:109962 
  4. Ämmälä AJ, Suvisaari J, Kananen L, Lönnqvist J, Ripatti S, Pirkola S, Paunio T, Hovatta I. Childhood adversities are associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length at adult age in a population-based study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021 Aug;130:105276 
  5. Sulkava S, Haukka J, Sulkava R, Laatikainen T, Paunio T. Association Between Psychological Distress and Incident Dementia in a Population-Based Cohort in Finland. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Dec 1;5(12):e2247115 
  6. Repo S, Elovainio M, Pyörälä E, Iriarte-Lüttjohann M, Tuominen T, Härkönen T, Gluschkoff K, Paunio T. Comparison of two different mindfulness interventions among health care students in Finland: a randomised controlled trial. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2022 Aug;27(3):709-734 
  7. Lappalainen P, Keinonen K, Lappalainen R, Selinheimo S, Vuokko A, Sainio M, Liesto S, Tolvanen A, Paunio T. Online acceptance and commitment therapy (iACT) for adults with persistent physical symptoms - 3-month follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial. J Psychosom Res. 2024 Aug;183:111830
Research-related activities
  1. Riemann D, Baglioni C, Bassetti C, Bjorvatn B, Dolenc Groselj L, et al. European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. J Sleep Res. 2017 Dec;26(6):675-700
  2. Pietkäinen J, Taka-Eilola T, Paunio T (2019) Suomeen tarvitaan perinataalipsykiatriaa. (Editorial) Duodecim 135:1809-11, Finnish [Perinatal psychiatry is needed in Finland] 
  3. Grote L, Pevernagie D, Bruni O, Deboer T, Garcia-Borreguero D, Hill EA, Penzel T, Puertas FJ, Wiechmann A, Verspaandonk M, Paunio T. 10-year anniversary of the European Somnologist examination - A historic overview and critical appraisal. J Sleep Res. 2022 Aug;31(4):e13667 
  4. Penzel T, Pevernagie D, Bassetti C, Peigneux P, Paunio T, et al. Sleep medicine catalogue of knowledge and skills - Revision. J Sleep Res. 2021 Jun;30(3):e13394 
  5. Riemann D, Espie CA, Altena E, Arnardottir ES, Baglioni C, et al. The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023. J Sleep Res. 2023 Dec;32(6):e14035 L
  6. McNicholas WT, Arnardottir ES, Vyazovskiy VV, Pevernagie D, Penzel T, Peigneux P, Grote L, Van Der Werf Y, de Jongh F, Schmidt M, Adamantidis M, Sekaran S, Biller AM, Knobl B, Luppi PH, Bassetti CL, Paunio T. The future of education in sleep science and medicine in Europe: Report of an ESRS workshop. J Sleep Res. 2025 Oct;34(5):e14454 
  7. Pevernagie DA, Arnardottir ES, Bruni O, Hartley S, Lammers GJ, Paunio T, Riemann D, Riha RL. Sleep Medicine-What's in a Name? J Sleep Res. 2025 Oct;34(5):e70150 
  8. Finnish Medical Society Duodecim & Finnish Sleep Research Society. Insomnia: Current Care Guidelines. 2026