Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, directing cellular metabolism as well as key pathways involved in aging, stress responses, reactive oxygen species management, and programmed cell death. Because these processes are central to cellular performance, traits that shape mitochondrial function are expected to play a crucial role in how species adapt to their environments. In this project, we investigate how mitochondrial genomes adapt to environmental temperature. In parallel, we independently examine the mutational mechanisms that influence genome evolution more broadly.