Avoiding the Summer Heat: Developing Management Strategies to Maintain the Welfare of Dairy Cows During Summer

Background

Grazing and outdoor access are generally considered to improve cattle welfare, but they can also reduce the energy density of the diet and thereby decrease milk yield. Climate change is increasing heat stress, as seen in Finland in recent summers, when prolonged heatwaves and high humidity reduced milk production and animal welfare. This trend is expected to intensify in the future, challenging dairy production at a time when societal and animal welfare expectations regarding grazing are also increasing.

Strategies are needed to mitigate heat stress. Providing shade and timing outdoor access to cooler parts of the day can significantly reduce heat load. Previous studies show that cows prefer shade during hot weather and benefit from lower body temperatures, which is also reflected in higher milk yield and better health. Short-duration grazing during cooler periods of the day may maintain the welfare benefits of grazing without significant production losses.

Research implementation

The study will be conducted at the Viikki Research Farm and on commercial dairy farms during 2026–2029. The project is led by Professor (Animal Welfare). From the University of Helsinki, the project also involves Professor , Senior University Lecturer , and University Lecturer from Animal Science, as well as Senior University Lecturer from Agroecology. The practical implementation of the project is carried out by doctoral researcher Anni Hantunen (Animal Science).

Research partners include the (Animal Welfare Centre) and the .

The project is funded by MAKERA for the period 2026–2029.