sheldrake and shelduck / ristisorsa (Tadorna tadorna)
occasional during migration [1] Tapani Salminen ornithological homepage

Birds of Kangasala, Finland (61° 20´–61° 35´ N 23° 55´–24° 20´ E)

Based on observations by Tapani Salminen <tasalmin@cc.helsinki.fi> since 1974

With English, Finnish, and scientific names; English or and Finnish eli refer to an alternate name, and English and and Finnish ja to a different name for female.

Occurrence codes for all of Finland appear in square brackets; [6] to [1] means abundant to very rare breeder, [0] regular non-breeder (source: Tapio Solonen, Suomen linnusto, Helsinki: Lintutieto, 1985).

Special thanks to Erkki O. Mäkelä and Robert A. Thiel for help in compiling the list.

  1. red-throated diver / kaakkuri (Gavia stellata)
    frequent migratory breeder [2]
  2. black-throated diver / kuikka (Gavia arctica)
    abundant migratory breeder [3]
  3. great crested grebe / silkkiuikku (Podiceps cristatus)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  4. red-necked grebe / härkälintu (Podiceps grisegena)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  5. Slavonian grebe or horned grebe / mustakurkku-uikku (Podiceps auritus)
    extinct migratory breeder [3]
  6. cormorant / merimetso (Phalacrocorax carbo)
    frequent during migration [0]
  7. bittern / kaulushaikara (Botaurus stellaris)
    frequent migratory breeder [1]
  8. grey heron / harmaahaikara (Ardea cinerea)
    frequent during migration [1]
  9. great white egret or great egret / jalohaikara (Egretta alba)
    occasional during migration [0]
  10. mute swan / kyhmyjoutsen (Cygnus olor)
    occasional during migration [2]
  11. Bewick’s swan or tundra swan / pikkujoutsen (Cygnus columbianus)
    occasional during migration [0]
  12. whooper swan / joutsen eli laulujoutsen (Cygnus cygnus)
    abundant during migration [2]
  13. bean goose / metsähanhi (Anser fabalis)
    abundant during migration [3]
  14. pink-footed goose / lyhytnokkahanhi (Anser brachyrhynchus)
    occasional during migration [0]
  15. white-fronted goose / tundrahanhi (Anser albifrons)
    frequent during migration [0]
  16. greylag goose / merihanhi (Anser anser)
    frequent during migration [2]
  17. Canada goose / kanadanhanhi (Branta canadensis)
    frequent during migration [1]
  18. barnacle goose / valkoposkihanhi (Branta leucopsis)
    frequent during migration [0]
  19. Brent goose / sepelhanhi (Branta bernicla)
    frequent during migration [0]
  20. sheldrake and shelduck / ristisorsa (Tadorna tadorna)
    occasional during migration [1]
  21. wigeon / haapana (Anas penelope)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  22. gadwall / harmaasorsa (Anas strepera)
    occasional during migration [1]
  23. teal / tavi (Anas crecca)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  24. mallard / sinisorsa eli heinäsorsa (Anas platyrhynchos)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  25. pintail / jouhisorsa (Anas acuta)
    abundant during migration [4]
  26. garganey / heinätavi (Anas querquedula)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  27. shoveler / lapasorsa (Anas clypeata)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  28. red-crested pochard / punapäänarsku (Netta rufina)
    occasional during migration [0]
  29. pochard / punasotka (Aythya ferina)
    abundant migratory breeder [3]
  30. tufted duck / tukkasotka (Aythya fuligula)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  31. ring-necked duck / amerikantukkasotka (Aythya collaris)
    occasional during migration [0]
  32. scaup / lapasotka (Aythya marila)
    abundant during migration [3]
  33. eider / haahka (Somateria mollissima)
    occasional during migration [4]
  34. Steller’s eider / allihaahka (Polysticta stelleri)
    occasional during migration [0]
  35. long-tailed duck or oldsquaw / alli (Clangula hyemalis)
    abundant during migration [3]
  36. common scoter / mustalintu eli meriteeri (Melanitta nigra)
    abundant during migration [2]
  37. velvet scoter / pilkkasiipi (Melanitta fusca)
    abundant during migration [4]
  38. goldeneye / telkkä (Bucephala clangula)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  39. smew / uivelo (Mergus albellus)
    abundant during migration [2]
  40. red-breasted merganser / tukkakoskelo eli pikkukoskelo (Mergus serrator)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  41. goosander / isokoskelo (Mergus merganser)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  42. honey buzzard / mehiläishaukka (Pernis apivorus)
    abundant migratory breeder [3]
  43. white-tailed eagle / merikotka (Haliaeetus albicilla)
    frequent during migration [1]
  44. marsh harrier / ruskosuohaukka (Circus aeruginosus)
    frequent during migration [2]
  45. hen harrier / sinisuohaukka (Circus cyaneus)
    abundant during migration [3]
  46. goshawk / kanahaukka (Accipiter gentilis)
    abundant local breeder [3]
  47. sparrowhawk / varpushaukka (Accipiter nisus)
    abundant migratory breeder occasional during winter [4]
  48. buzzard / hiirihaukka (Buteo buteo)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  49. rough-legged buzzard / piekana (Buteo lagopus)
    abundant during migration [3]
  50. spotted eagle / kiljukotka eli isokiljukotka (Aquila clanga)
    occasional during migration [1]
  51. golden eagle / kotka eli maakotka (Aquila chrysaetos)
    frequent during migration [2]
  52. osprey / sääksi eli kalasääski (Pandion haliaetus)
    frequent migratory breeder [2]
  53. kestrel / tuulihaukka eli poutahaukka (Falco tinnunculus)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  54. red-footed falcon / punajalkahaukka (Falco vespertinus)
    occasional during migration [0]
  55. merlin / ampuhaukka (Falco columbarius)
    occasional migratory breeder frequent during migration and occasional during winter [3]
  56. hobby / nuolihaukka (Falco subbuteo)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  57. peregrine / muuttohaukka eli jalohaukka (Falco peregrinus)
    frequent during migration [1]
  58. hazel grouse / pyy (Bonasa bonasia)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  59. black grouse / teeri (Tetrao tetrix)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  60. capercaillie / metso ja koppelo (Tetrao urogallus)
    frequent local breeder [5]
  61. partridge / peltopyy (Perdix perdix)
    extinct local breeder [3]
  62. quail / viiriäinen (Coturnix coturnix)
    occasional migratory breeder [1]
  63. pheasant / fasaani (Phasianus colchicus)
    abundant local breeder [4]
  64. water rail / luhtakana (Rallus aquaticus)
    occasional migratory breeder [2]
  65. spotted crake / luhtahuitti (Porzana porzana)
    frequent migratory breeder [2]
  66. little crake / pikkuhuitti (Porzana parva)
    occasional during migration [0]
  67. corn crake / ruisrääkkä eli ruislintu (Crex crex)
    frequent migratory breeder [2]
  68. moorhen / liejukana (Gallinula chloropus)
    occasional during migration [2]
  69. coot / nokikana (Fulica atra)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  70. crane / kurki (Grus grus)
    occasional migratory breeder abundant during migration [3]
  71. oystercatcher / meriharakka (Haematopus ostralegus)
    frequent during migration [3]
  72. lesser ringed plover / pikkutylli (Charadrius dubius)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  73. ringed plover / tylli (Charadrius hiaticula)
    frequent during migration [4]
  74. golden plover / kapustarinta (Pluvialis apricaria)
    abundant during migration [4]
  75. grey plover / tundrakurmitsa (Pluvialis squatarola)
    frequent during migration [0]
  76. lapwing or peewit or green plover / töyhtöhyyppä (Vanellus vanellus)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  77. little stint / pikkusirri (Calidris minuta)
    occasional during migration [0]
  78. Temminck’s stint / lapinsirri (Calidris temminckii)
    frequent during migration [3]
  79. dunlin / suosirri (Calidris alpina)
    frequent during migration [3]
  80. ruff and reeve / suokukko (Philomachus pugnax)
    abundant during migration [5]
  81. jack snipe / jänkäkurppa (Lymnocryptes minimus)
    frequent during migration [4]
  82. snipe / taivaanvuohi (Gallinago gallinago)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  83. great snipe / heinäkurppa (Gallinago media)
    occasional during migration [1]
  84. woodcock / lehtokurppa (Scolopax rusticola)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  85. black-tailed godwit / mustapyrstökuiri (Limosa limosa)
    occasional during migration [1]
  86. whimbrel / pikkukuovi (Numenius phaeopus)
    frequent during migration [4]
  87. curlew / kuovi eli isokuovi (Numenius arquata)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  88. spotted redshank / mustaviklo (Tringa erythropus)
    frequent during migration [4]
  89. redshank / punajalkaviklo (Tringa totanus)
    occasional migratory breeder frequent during migration [4]
  90. marsh sandpiper / lampiviklo (Tringa stagnatilis)
    occasional during migration [0]
  91. greenshank / valkoviklo (Tringa nebularia)
    abundant during migration [4]
  92. green sandpiper / metsäviklo (Tringa ochropus)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  93. wood sandpiper / liro (Tringa glareola)
    occasional migratory breeder abundant during migration [5]
  94. common sandpiper / rantasipi (Actitis hypoleucos)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  95. turnstone / karikukko (Arenaria interpres)
    occasional during migration [3]
  96. red-necked phalarope / vesipääsky (Pharopus lobatus)
    frequent during migration [3]
  97. pomarine skua / leveäpyrstökihu (Stercorarius pomarinus)
    occasional during migration [1]
  98. Arctic skua / merikihu (Stercorarius parasiticus)
    frequent during migration [2]
  99. little gull / pikkulokki (Larus minutus)
    occasional migratory breeder abundant during migration [3]
  100. black-headed gull / naurulokki (Larus ridibundus)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  101. common gull / kalalokki (Larus canus)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  102. lesser black-backed gull / selkälokki (Larus fuscus)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  103. herring gull / harmaalokki (Larus argentatus)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  104. great black-backed gull / merilokki (Larus marinus)
    frequent during migration [3]
  105. Caspian tern / räyskä (Sterna caspia)
    occasional during migration [3]
  106. common tern / kalatiira (Sterna hirundo)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  107. black tern / mustatiira (Chlidonias niger)
    occasional during migration [1]
  108. domestic pigeon or feral dove / kesykyyhky (Columba livia)
    frequent local breeder [4]
  109. stock dove / uuttukyyhky (Columba oenas)
    frequent during migration [3]
  110. wood pigeon / sepelkyyhky eli metsäkyyhky (Columba palumbus)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  111. collared dove / turkinkyyhky (Streptopelia decaocto)
    occasional migratory breeder [2]
  112. turtle dove / turturikyyhky (Streptopelia turtur)
    occasional during migration [1]
  113. cuckoo / käki (Cuculus canorus)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  114. eagle owl / huuhkaja (Bubo bubo)
    frequent local breeder [3]
  115. hawk owl / hiiripöllö (Surnia ulula)
    occasional during winter [3]
  116. pygmy owl / varpuspöllö (Glaucidium passerinum)
    frequent local breeder [3]
  117. tawny owl / lehtopöllö (Strix aluco)
    abundant local breeder [3]
  118. Ural owl / viirupöllö (Strix uralensis)
    frequent local breeder [3]
  119. great grey owl / lapinpöllö (Strix nebulosa)
    occasional during winter [3]
  120. long-eared owl / sarvipöllö (Asio otus)
    abundant migratory breeder occasional during winter [3]
  121. short-eared owl or marsh owl / suopöllö (Asio flammeus)
    frequent during migration [3]
  122. Tengmalm’s owl / helmipöllö (Aegolius funereus)
    abundant local breeder [4]
  123. nightjar / kehrääjä (Caprimulgus europaeus)
    frequent migratory breeder [4]
  124. swift / tervapääsky (Apus apus)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  125. hoopoe / harjalintu (Upupa epops)
    occasional during migration [0]
  126. kingfisher / kuningaskalastaja (Alcedo atthis)
    occasional during migration [1]
  127. wryneck / käenpiika (Jynx torquilla)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  128. grey-headed woodpecker / harmaapäätikka (Picus canus)
    occasional local breeder [3]
  129. black woodpecker / palokärki (Dryocopus martius)
    frequent local breeder [3]
  130. great spotted woodpecker / käpytikka eli isotikka (Dendrocopos major)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  131. white-backed woodpecker / valkoselkätikka (Dendrocopos leucotos)
    occasional during winter [1]
  132. lesser spotted woodpecker / pikkutikka (Dendrocopos minor)
    frequent local breeder [4]
  133. three-toed woodpecker / pohjantikka (Picoides tridactylus)
    frequent local breeder [4]
  134. woodlark / kangaskiuru (Lullula arborea)
    occasional during migration [3]
  135. skylark / kiuru eli leivo (Alauda arvensis)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  136. horned lark or shore lark / tunturikiuru (Eremophila alpestris)
    occasional during migration [2]
  137. sand martin or bank swallow / törmäpääsky (Riparia riparia)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  138. swallow or barn swallow / haarapääsky (Hirundo rustica)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  139. house martin / räystäspääsky (Delichon urbica)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  140. tree pipit / metsäkirvinen (Anthus trivialis)
    abundant migratory breeder [6]
  141. meadow pipit / niittykirvinen (Anthus pratensis)
    occasional migratory breeder abundant during migration [5]
  142. red-throated pipit / lapinkirvinen (Anthus cervinus)
    frequent during migration [4]
  143. yellow wagtail / keltavästäräkki (Motacilla flava)
    abundant migratory breeder [6]
  144. grey wagtail / virtavästäräkki eli vuorivästäräkki (Motacilla cinerea)
    occasional during migration [1]
  145. pied wagtail / västäräkki (Motacilla alba)
    abundant migratory breeder [6]
  146. waxwing / tilhi (Bombycilla garrulus)
    abundant during migration and occasional during winter [4]
  147. dipper / koskikara (Cinclus cinclus)
    frequent during winter [2]
  148. wren / peukaloinen (Troglodytes troglodytes)
    frequent migratory breeder [4]
  149. dunnock or hedge accentor / rautiainen (Prunella modularis)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  150. robin / punarinta (Erithacus rubecula)
    abundant migratory breeder [6]
  151. thrush nightingale / satakieli (Luscinia luscinia)
    abundant migratory breeder [4]
  152. bluethroat / sinirinta (Luscinia svecica)
    frequent during migration [4]
  153. redstart / leppälintu (Phoenicurus phoenicurus)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  154. whinchat / pensastasku (Saxicola rubetra)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  155. wheatear / kivitasku (Oenanthe oenanthe)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  156. blackbird / mustarastas (Turdus merula)
    abundant migratory breeder occasional during winter [5]
  157. fieldfare / räkättirastas (Turdus pilaris)
    abundant migratory breeder occasional during winter [6]
  158. song thrush / laulurastas (Turdus philomelos)
    abundant migratory breeder [6]
  159. redwing / punakylkirastas (Turdus iliacus)
    abundant migratory breeder [6]
  160. mistle thrush / kulorastas (Turdus viscivorus)
    frequent migratory breeder [4]
  161. grasshopper warbler / pensassirkkalintu (Locustella naevia)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  162. river warbler / viitasirkkalintu (Locustella fluviatilis)
    frequent migratory breeder [1]
  163. Savi’s warbler / ruokosirkkalintu (Locustella luscinioides)
    occasional migratory breeder [0]
  164. sedge warbler / ruokokerttunen (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  165. Blyth’s reed warbler / viitakerttunen (Acrocephalus dumetorum)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  166. marsh warbler / luhtakerttunen (Acrocephalus palustris)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  167. reed warbler / rytikerttunen (Acrocephalus scirpaceus)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  168. great reed warbler / rastaskerttunen (Acrocephalus arundinaceus)
    occasional migratory breeder [1]
  169. icterine warbler / kultarinta (Hippolais icterina)
    frequent migratory breeder [4]
  170. lesser whitethroat / hernekerttu (Sylvia curruca)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  171. whitethroat / pensaskerttu (Sylvia communis)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  172. garden warbler / lehtokerttu (Sylvia borin)
    abundant migratory breeder [6]
  173. blackcap / mustapääkerttu (Sylvia atricapilla)
    abundant migratory breeder occasional during winter [5]
  174. greenish warbler / idänuunilintu (Phylloscopus trochiloides)
    occasional migratory breeder [3]
  175. wood warbler / sirittäjä (Phylloscopus sibilatrix)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  176. chiffchaff / tiltaltti eli tynnyrilintu (Phylloscopus collybita)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  177. willow warbler / pajulintu eli uunilintu (Phylloscopus trochilus)
    abundant migratory breeder [6]
  178. goldcrest / hippiäinen (Regulus regulus)
    abundant local breeder [6]
  179. spotted flycatcher / harmaasieppo (Muscicapa striata)
    abundant migratory breeder [6]
  180. red-breasted flycatcher / pikkusieppo (Ficedula parva)
    occasional migratory breeder [3]
  181. pied flycatcher / kirjosieppo (Ficedula hypoleuca)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  182. long-tailed tit / pyrstötiainen (Aegithalos caudatus)
    frequent migratory breeder occasional during winter [3]
  183. willow tit / hömötiainen (Parus montanus)
    abundant local breeder [6]
  184. Siberian tit / lapintiainen (Parus cinctus)
    occasional during winter [4]
  185. crested tit / töyhtötiainen (Parus cristatus)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  186. coal tit / kuusitiainen (Parus ater)
    abundant local breeder [4]
  187. blue tit / sinitiainen (Parus caeruleus)
    abundant local breeder [4]
  188. great tit / talitiainen (Parus major)
    abundant local breeder [6]
  189. nuthatch or wood nuthatch / pähkinänakkeli (Sitta europaea)
    occasional during winter [0]
  190. treecreeper / puukiipijä (Certhia familiaris)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  191. golden oriole / kuhankeittäjä (Oriolus oriolus)
    frequent migratory breeder [3]
  192. red-backed shrike / pikkulepinkäinen (Lanius collurio)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  193. lesser grey shrike / mustaotsalepinkäinen (Lanius minor)
    occasional during migration [0]
  194. great grey shrike / lapinharakka eli isolepinkäinen (Lanius excubitor)
    frequent during migration [4]
  195. jay / närhi (Garrulus glandarius)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  196. magpie / harakka (Pica pica)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  197. nutcracker / pähkinähakki (Nucifraga caryocatactes)
    occasional migratory breeder frequent during migration and occasional during winter [3]
  198. jackdaw / naakka (Corvus monedula)
    abundant local breeder [4]
  199. rook / mustavaris (Corvus frugilegus)
    frequent during migration [2]
  200. crow / varis (Corvus corone)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  201. raven / korppi eli kaarne (Corvus corax)
    frequent local breeder [3]
  202. starling / kottarainen (Sturnus vulgaris)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  203. house sparrow / varpunen (Passer domesticus)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  204. tree sparrow / pikkuvarpunen (Passer montanus)
    frequent local breeder [3]
  205. chaffinch / peippo (Fringilla coelebs)
    abundant migratory breeder occasional during winter [6]
  206. brambling / järripeippo (Fringilla montifringilla)
    occasional migratory breeder abundant during migration and occasional during winter [6]
  207. greenfinch / viherpeippo (Carduelis chloris)
    abundant local breeder [4]
  208. goldfinch / tikli (Carduelis carduelis)
    occasional migratory breeder frequent during migration [3]
  209. siskin / vihervarpunen (Carduelis spinus)
    abundant migratory breeder occasional during winter [5]
  210. linnet / hemppo (Carduelis cannabina)
    abundant migratory breeder occasional during winter [4]
  211. redpoll / urpiainen (Carduelis flammea)
    occasional migratory breeder abundant during migration and occasional during winter [5]
  212. two-barred crossbill / kirjosiipikäpylintu (Loxia leucoptera)
    occasional during migration [2]
  213. crossbill / pikkukäpylintu (Loxia curvirostra)
    abundant local breeder [4]
  214. parrot crossbill / isokäpylintu (Loxia pytyopsittacus)
    frequent local breeder [4]
  215. rosefinch or scarlet rosefinch / punavarpunen (Carpodacus erythrinus)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]
  216. pine grosbeak / taviokuurna (Pinicola enucleator)
    frequent during migration and occasional during winter [4]
  217. bullfinch / punatulkku (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)
    abundant local breeder [5]
  218. hawfinch / nokkavarpunen (Coccothraustes coccothraustes)
    occasional during migration [2]
  219. Lapland bunting or longspur / lapinsirkku (Calcarius lapponicus)
    abundant during migration [5]
  220. snow bunting / pulmunen (Plectrophenax nivalis)
    abundant during migration [3]
  221. yellowhammer / keltasirkku (Emberiza citrinella)
    abundant local breeder [6]
  222. ortolan bunting / peltosirkku (Emberiza hortulana)
    extinct migratory breeder [5]
  223. rustic bunting / pohjansirkku (Emberiza rustica)
    frequent migratory breeder [5]
  224. reed bunting / pajusirkku (Emberiza schoeniclus)
    abundant migratory breeder [5]