After Kenrick & Crane, 1996-1999 [The Tree of Life] and Steward & Rothwell, 1993
Alternative phylogeny of Moniliformopses after Pryer et al., 2001
<==o Moniliformopses (kortteet ja saniaiset; horsetails & ferns) |-- Equisetopsida [Sphenopsida] (kortteet; horsetails, sphenophytes) `--+?-o †Cladoxylales [Cladoxylopsida] | |-- †Pseudosporochnus nodosus | `--o †Cladoxylon | |-- †C. scoparium | `-- †C. dawsonii `--+--o †Stauropteridales | |--o †Stauropteris | | |-- †S. burntislandica | | `-- †S. biseriata | |-- †Rowleya trifurcata | `-- †Gillispiea randolphensis `--+--o †Zygopteridales | `--o †Zygopteridaceae | |--o †Clepsydroideae | | `--o †Rhacophyton | | |-- †R. ceratangium | | `-- †R. zygopteroides | `--o †Etapteroideae | |--o †Zygopteris | | |-- †Z. primaria | | `-- †Z. illinoiensis | `--o †Etapteris | `-- †E. scottii `--o Filicopsida [Pteridophyta] (saniaiset) |?-o Psilotales | `--o Psilotaceae Kanitz (Whisk Ferns) [~2/17] | |-- Tmesipteris [~15] | `-- Psilotum [~2] |--+--o Marattiales | | `-- Marattiaceae | | |--o †Psaronius | | | `-- †P. blickei | | |-- †Caulopteris | | |--o Christensenia | | | `-- C. aesculifolia | | |--+?- †Marattiopsis | | | `--o Marattia | | | `-- M. fraxinea | | |-- Angiopteris evecta | | `-- Danaea | `--o Ophioglossales (käärmeenkielisaniaismaiset) | `--o Ophioglossaceae (käärmekielisaniaiset) | |--o Ophioglossum (käärmeenkielet) | | `-- O. vulgatum (käärmeenkieli) | |--o Botrychium (noidanlukot) | | |-- †B. wightonii | | |-- B. lunaria (ketonoidanlukko) | | |-- B. boreale (pohjannoidanlukko) | | |-- B. lanceolatum (suikeanoidanlukko) | | |-- B. matricariifolium (saunionoidanlukko) | | |-- B. simplex (pikkunoidanlukko) | | |-- B. multifidum (ahonoidanlukko) | | `-- B. virginianum (lehtonoidanlukko) | `-- Helminthostachys `-- Polypodiidae [Filicales] (leptosporangiset saniaiset; leptosporangiate ferns)
Reference(s):
- Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T., Uotila, P. & Vuokko, S., 1984: Retkeilykasvio.
–Suomen Luonnonsuojelun Tuki Oy & Forssan Kirjapaino Oy, Forssa, 1984, 1-544 - Judd, W. A., Campbell, C. S., Kellogg, E. A. & Stevens, P. F., 1999: Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach.
–Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts, 1999, xvi-464 - Kenrick, P., & Crane, P., 1996-1999: Embryophytes – Land Plants.
–iNet: The Tree of Life: http://tolweb.org/tree/ - Pryer, K. M., Schneider, H., Smith, A. R., Cranfill, R., Wolf, P. G., Hunt, J. S. & Sipes, S. D., 2001: Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants.
–Nature: Vol. 409, 1 February, pp. 618-621 - Steward, W. N. & Rothwell, G. W., 1993: Paleobotany and the evolution of plants, 2nd Edition.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.S.A., xii-521