After Parker, 1982, “The Tree of Life”, Zhang, Rasnitsyn & Zhang, 2002, and Grimaldi & Engel, 2005
<==o Apocrita Gerstäcker, 1867 |-- †Karatavitidae [paraphyletic Ephialtitoidea Handlirsch, 1906 sensu Rasnitsyn, 1980] `--+-- †Ephialtitidae Handlirsch, 1906 [paraphyletic Ephialtitoidea Handlirsch, 1906 sensu Rasnitsyn, 1980] |--o Stephanoidea | `--o Stephanidae | |--o Schlettereriinae | | `-- †Archaeostephanus corae | `-- Stephaninae `--+--+--o Trigonaloidea | | `-- Trigonalyidae | `--o Megalyroidea | |-- †Maimetsha | `--o Megalyridae | `--o Megalyra | `-- M. troglodytes |--+-- †Kuafuidae | `-- Evanioidea Latreille, 1802 (ensign wasps and relatives) |--+-- Aculeata (myrkkypistiäiset) | `--o Ichneumonoidea (loispistiäiset) | |?-o †Praeichneumonidae | | `-- †Praeichneumon | |?- Tanychora | |-- Ichneumonidae (varsinaiset loispistiäiset) | |?- Apozygidae | `--+-- †Eoichneumonidae | `-- Braconidae (vainopistiäiset `--o Proctotrupomorpha |--o “Proctotrupoidea” Latreille, 1802 | |-- Roproniidae | |-- Maamingidae | |-- Monomachidae | |-- Peradeniidae | |-- Proctorenyxidae | |--+-- Austroniidae | | `-- Monomachidae | |-- Heloridae | `--+-- Vanhorniidae | |-- Pelecinidae Haliday, 1840 [incl. Pelecinopteridae Brue, 1933] | `-- Proctotraupidae (keripistiäiset) |--+--o Diapriidae | | |-- Ambositrinae | | |-- Belytinae | | |-- Ismarinae | | `--+?- Peckidium enigmaticum | | `-- Diapriinae | `--+-- †Archaeocynipidae | `-- Cynipoidea Latreille, 1802 (gall wasps and relatives; äkämäpistiämäismäiset) `--+--+--o Platygasteroidea | | |?- Calliceratidae | | |-- Scelionidae | | `-- Platygasteridae | `--+-- †Stigmaphronidae | `--o Ceraphronoidea Haliday | |-- Ceraphronidae Haliday | `-- Megaspilidae Ashmead `--+-- Chalcidoidea Latreille (kiilupistiäiset) `--+--o †Serphitoidea | `-- †Serphitidae `--o Mymarommatoidea `--o Mymarommatidae `-- Palaeomymar [Mymaromma]
Reference(s):
- Anonymous, 2005: Apocrita – wasps.
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://www.tolweb.org/tree?group=Apocrita&contgroup=Hymenoptera; [visited: 2005-10-12] - Deans, A. R. & Jennings, J. T., 2004: Evanioidea. (Updated: 2004-10-04)
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://www.tolweb.org/tree?group=Evanioidea&contgroup=Apocrita; [visited: 2005-10-12] - Grimaldi, D. A. & Engel, M. S., 2005: Evolution of the Insects.
–Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005, xv-755 - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 6: Selkärangattomat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beaut, Du Monde Animal XI & XII Invertébrés.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968. - Liu, Z., Engel, M. S. & Grimaldi, D. A., 2007: Phylogeny and geological history of the Cynipoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea).
–American Museum Novitates: #3583, pp. 1-48 - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company - Peñalver, E. & Engel, M. S., 2006: Two wasp families rare in the fossil record (Hymenoptera): Perilampidae and Megaspilidae from the Miocene of Spain.
–American Museum Novitates: #3540, pp. 1-12 - Yoder, M., 2005: Diapriidae. (Updated: 2005-03-01)
–iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://www.tolweb.org/tree?group=Diapriidae&contgroup=Apocrita; [visited: 2005-10-12] - Zhang, H.-C., Rasnitsyn, A. P. & Zhang, J., 2002: Two ephialtitid wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Ephialtitoidea) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China.
–Cretaceous Research: Vol. 23, pp. 401-407