After Parker, 1982, and Shackleton, 2005
<==o Ophiuroidea Gray, 1840 (brittle-stars and basket-stars; käärmetähdet) |--o †Eophiuridae Schöndorf, 1910 | |-- †Palaeura neglecta Schuchert, 1914; Jaekel, 1903 [Jaeger specify no type species] | `--+-- †Pradesura jacobi (Thoral, 1935) Spencer, 1951 | `-- †Eophiura bohemica Schuchert, 1914; Jaekel, 1903 [Jaeger specify no type species] `--+--o †Stenasteridae Schuchert, 1914 | |-- †Stenaster obtusus (Forbes, 1848) Billings, 1858 [S. salteri Billings, 1858] | `-- †Aulactis orthopeda Spencer, 1940 `--+--o †EncrinasteridaeSchuchert, 1914 | |-- †Mastigactis aranea (Ruedemann, 1916) Spencer, 1930 | `--+-- †Euzonosoma orbitoides Spencer, 1930 | `--o †Encrinaster Haekel, 1866 | |-- †E. arnoldi (Goldfuss, 1848) [Aspidosoma arnoldi Goldfuss, 1848] | `-- †E. grayae (Spencer, 1914) `--+--o †Protasteridae Miller, 1889 | |--o †Furcaster Stürtz, 1866 | | |-- †F. leptosoma (Salter, 1857) [Protaster leptosoma Salter, 1857] | | `-- †F. trepidans (Spencer, 1925) | `--+--o †Hypophiura Jaekel, 1923 | | |-- †H. tentatrix Jaekel, 1923 | | `-- †H. grayae Shackleton, 2005 | `--+--o †Lapworthura Gregory, 1897 | | `-- †L. miltoni (Salter, 1857) | `--+--o †Protaster Forbes, 1849b | | |-- †P. sedgwickii Forbes, 1849b | | `-- †P. groomi (Spencer, 1934) | `--o †Drepanaster Whidborne, 1898 | |-- †D. scabrosus (Whidborne, 1896) [Protaster scabrosus Whidborne, 1896] | `-- †D. grayae Spencer, 1934 `?-o “Recent Ophiuroids” |--o Oegophiurida | `-- Ophiocanopidae |--o Phrynophiurida | |--o Ophiomyxina | | `-- Ophiomyxidae | `--o Euryalina | |-- Euryalidae | |-- Gorgonocephalidae | |-- Asteroschematidae | `-- Asteronychidae `--o Ophiurida |--o Chilophiurina | |-- Ophiuridae | |-- Ophioleucidae | |-- Ophiocomidae | |-- Ophionereididae | `-- Ophiodermatidae |--o Laemophiurina | |-- Ophiacanthidae | |-- Hemieuryalidae | `-- Amphilepididae `--o Gnathophiurina |-- Ophiactidae |-- Amphiuridae `-- Ophiothricidae
Reference(s):
- Anonymous, 1998: The CAS Echinoderm webpage.
–iNet: California Academy of Sciences: http://www.calacademy.org/research/izg/echinoderm/classify.htm [visited: 2002-10-05] - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company - Shackleton, J. D., 2005: Skeletal homologies, phylogeny and classification of the earliest Asterozoan echinoderms.
–Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 3, #1, pp. 29-114