After Martin, 1987, 1988 and 1995, and Chaline et al., 1999, with Recent species from Nowak, 1991
Alternative phylogeny of North American Microdus and close relatives after Repenning, 1983
<==o Microtus Schrank, 1798; U.Plioc.-R. As. Eu. NA., R. Af. CA. (voles; myyrät) [taxonomic history] |--o (Orthriomys) Merriam, 1898 | `-- M. (O.) umbrosus Merriam, 1898 [Microdus (Phaiomys) umbrosus] |--+--o (Phaiomys) Blyth, 1863 [†Allophaiomys Kormos, 1933; Microtus (Phaiomys)] | | `?- M. (P.) leucurus [Pitymys leucurus sensu Zheng & Cai, 1991] (lumimyyrä) | `--o †(Allophaiomys) Kormos, 1933 | |-- †M. (A.) deucalion (Kretzoi) | |-- †M. (A.) terrae-rubrae sensu Zheng & Li, 1990 | `---- †M. (A.) pliocaenicus (Kormos, 1933) [incl. M. (P.) guildayi (van der Maulen, 1978)] `--+?-+--o (Pedomys) Baird, 1858 | | |-- †M. (P.) australis Martin, 1995 | | `-- M. (P.) ochrogaster (Wagner, 1842) [M. (Allophaiomys) llanensis (Hibbard, 1944); †M. (P.) mcnowni Hibbard, 1937 [incl. M. (P.) aratai, M. (P.) hibbardi, synon. to M. (P.) nemoralis?] (preeriamyyrä) | `--+--+-- †M. (Allophaiomys) guildayi | | `--+-- †M. (Allophaiomys) llanensis (Hibbard, 1944) | | `--o (Pitymys) McMurtie, 1831 | | |?- †M. (P.) hintoni (Kretzoi, 1941) | | |-- †M. (P.) cumberlandensis (van der Maulen, 1978) | | `-- M. (P.) pinetorum (Le Conte, 1830) (amerikantunnelimyyrä) | `--+--o “Herpetomys” Merriam, 1898 [Microtus (Pitymys) quasiater -group] | | |-- †M. (“H.”) meadensis (Hibbard, 1944) | | `--+-- †M. (“H.”) mcnowni | | `--+-- M. (“H.”) quasiater (Coues, 1874) (Cuidad de Mexicon tunnelimyyrä??) | | |-- M. (“H.”) guatemalensis Merriam, 1898 | | |-- M. (“H.”) oaxacensis Goodwin, 1966 | | `-- †M. (“H.”) aratai (Martin, 1974) | `--+-- †M. (Allophaiomys) nutiensis 1 | `--+-- †M. (Allophaiomys) pitymyoides | `--+?-o (Neodon) Hodgson, 1849 | | |-- M. (N.) juldaschi | | |-- M. (N.) sikimensis [Pitymys sikimensis sensu Zheng & Cai, 1991] | | `-- M. (N.) irene | |?-o Blanfordimys Argyropulo, 1933 [Microtus (Blanfordimys) Argyropulo, 1933]; R. As. | | |-- B. afghanus | | `-- B. bucharicus | `--o (Terricola) Fatio, 1867 (tunnelimyyrät) | |?- M. (T.) bavaricus (baijerintunnelimyyrä) | |--+-- †M. (T.) chalinei | | `--+-- M. (T.) duodecimcostatus (välimerentunnelimyyrä) | | `-- M. (T.) lusitanicus (lusitaniantunnelimyyrä) | |--+-- †M. (T.) melitensis | | `--+-- †M. (T.) tarentina | | `-- M. (T.) savii (italiantunnelimyyrä, savintunnelim.) | `--+-- †M. (T.) arvalidens | |?- M. (T.) felteni (makedoniantunnelimyyrä) | |-- M. (T.) thomasi (balkanintunnelimyyrä) | |--o M. (T.) subterraneus -group | | |-- M. (T.) subterraneus (pikkutunnelimyyrä) | | |-- M. (T.) majori | | |-- M. (T.) daghestanicus | | `-- M. (T.) nasarovi | `--o M. (T.) multiplex -group | |--+-- †M. (T.) vaufreyi | | `--+-- M. (T.) tatricus (tatrantunnelimyyrä) | | `--o M. (T.) multiplex (alppitunnelimyyrä) | | |-- M. (T.) m. multiplex (alppitunnelimyyrä) | | `-- M. (T.) m. liechtensteini (dalmatiantunnelimyyrä, jugoslaviant.) | `--+-- †M. (T.) vergrannensis | `--+-- †M. (T.) mariaclaudiae | `-- M. (T.) pyrenaicus `?-+-- †M. (Allophaiomys) nutiensis 2 `--+-- †M. (Allophaiomys) burgondiae |-- †M. (Tibericola) jordanica [Allophaiomys jordanica] |--+-- †M. (Allophaiomys) vandermauleni | `--o (Chionomys) Miller, 1908 [Chionomys Miller, 1908 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997]; M.Pleist.-R. Eu., R. As. | |-- M. (C.) nivalis (lumimyyrä) | `--+-- M. (C.) roberti | `-- M. (C.) gud |?-o (Stenocranius) [polyphyletic? sensu Chaline et al., 1999] | |-- M. (S.) middendorffi | `--+-- M. (S.) miurus | |-- M. (S.) abbreviatus | `--o M. (S.) gregalis | |-- M. (S.) g. major | `-- M. (S.) g. gregalis |?-o (Aulacomys) Rhoads, 1894 | `-- M. (A.) richardsoni (amerikanvesimyyrä) `--o (Microtus) Schrank, 1798 (myyrät) [Eur-Asian Microdus?] |?- †M. minoeconomus Zheng & Cai, 1991 |?- †M. deterrai |--+-- †M. paroperarius | |-- †M. epiratticepoides | |-- †M. deceitensis | `--o M. oeconomus [incl. M. epiratticeps; M. operarius] (lapinmyyrä) | |-- M. o. kharanurensis (mongolianlapinmyyrä) | `-- M. o. oecomomus (lapinmyyrä) `--+-- †M. ratticepoides Hinton, 1923 [cf. Microtus spiratticeps Young & Teilhard, 1936] |-- M. breweri |-- M. cabrerae (espanjanmyyrä) |-- M. californicus (kalifornianmyyrä) |-- M. calamorum |-- M. evoronensis |-- M. fortis |-- M. gerbei |-- M. guentheri (isokenttämyyrä, yhdyskuntamyyrä) |-- M. hyperboreus |-- M. irani (iraninmyyrä) |-- M. kermanensis |-- M. kirgisorum |--o M. limnophilus | |-- M. l. limnophilus | `-- M. l. malygini |-- M. mandarinus |-- M. millicens |-- M. mujanensis |-- M. obscurus |-- M. oregoni |-- M. sachalinensis |-- M. schelkovnikovi |-- M. socialis |-- M. transcaspicus |--o M. agrestis -group | |-- M. agrestis (peltomyyrä) | |-- M. pennsylvanicus (niittymyyrä) | |-- M. chrotorrhinus | `-- M. xanthognathus `--o M. arvalis -group (kenttämyyrät) |-- M. arvalis (kenttämyyrä, lännenkenttämyyrä) |-- M. rossiaemeridionalis (idänkenttämyyrä) |-- M. montebelli |-- M. mongolicus |-- M. maximowiczii |-- M. longicaudus |-- M. townsendii (townsendinmyyrä) |-- M. montanus (vuorimyyrä) |-- M. canicaudus |-- M. mordax `-- M. mexicanus (meksikonmyyrä)
Reference(s):
- Chaline, J., Brunet-Lecomte, P., Montuire, S., Viriot, L. & Courant, F., 1999: Anatomy of the arvicoline radiation (Rodentia): palaeogeographical, palaeoecological history and evolutionary data.
–Annales Zoologici Fennici: Vol. 36, pp. 239-267 - Martin, R. A., 1987: Notes on the classification and evolution of some North American fossil Microdus (Mammalia: Rodentia).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 7, #3, pp. 270-283 - Martin, R. A., 1989: Arvicolid rodents of the Early Pleistocene Java local fauna
from north-central South Dakota.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 9, #4, pp. 438-450 - Martin, R. A., 1995: A new Middle Pleistocene species of Microdus (Pedomys) from
the southern United States, with comments on the taxonomy and early evolution of
Pedomys and Pitymys of North America.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 15, #1, pp. 171-186 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Repenning, C. A. 1983: Pitymys meadensis Hibbard from the Valley of Mexico and the classification of North American species of Pitymys (Rodentia: Cricetidae).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 2, #4,, pp. 471-482.