After Prado, Cerdeño & Roig-Juñent, 1998, and Vucetich, Deschamps, Olivares & Dozo, 2005
<==o Hydrochoeridae Gray, 1825 sensu Prado, Cerdeño & Roig-Juñent, 1998 [taxonomic history] (kabybaras; kabybarat) |?- †Porcellusignum Casamiquela, in Angulo, 1982; U.Mioc. SA. |--o †Anchimys Ameghino, 1886 [incl. †Cardiodon Ameghino, 1885 (non †Cardiodon Owen, 1841, a sauropod dinosaur (Archosauria: Dinosauria: Sauropoda incertae sedis)); †Eucardiodon Ameghino, 1891] U.Mioc SA. [paraphyletic †Cardiatheriinae Kraglievich, 1930] | |-- †A. pisanoi | |-- †A. marshi | `-- †A. leidyi |-- †Phugatherium Ameghino, 1887 [†Phregatherium Lydekker, 1888 (lapsus calami); †Neoanchimys Pascual & Bondesio, 1961] L.Plioc. SA. [paraphyletic †Cardiatheriinae Kraglievich, 1930] |-- †Xenocardia Pascual & Bondesio, 1963; U.Mioc. SA. [paraphyletic †Cardiatheriinae Kraglievich, 1930] |--o †Anchimysops Kraglievich, 1927; L.Plioc.-?U.Plioc. SA. [paraphyletic †Cardiatheriinae Kraglievich, 1930] | `-- †A. fluminis [A. fluminus] |?-o †Kivutherium Francis & Mones, 1965; U.Mioc.-L.Plioc. SA. [jr. sysnon of †Cardiatherium Ameghino, 1883 (Vecetich et al., 2005] [paraphyletic †Cardiatheriinae Kraglievich, 1930] | |-- †K. orientalis | `-- †K. scillatoyanei `--+--o †Procardiatherium Ameghino, 1885; U.Mioc. SA. [paraphyletic †Cardiatheriinae Kraglievich, 1930] | `-- †P. simplicidens |--o †Cardiatherium Ameghino, 1883 [Cardiotherium (lapsus calami)] [incl.? †Plaxochoerus Ameghino, 1886; Kivutherium Francis & Mones, 1965] U.Mioc.-?L.Plioc. SA. [paraphyletic †Cardiatheriinae Kraglievich, 1930] | |-- †C. talicei | |-- †C. paranense | `-- †C. patagonicum Vucetich, Deschamps, Olivares & Dozo, 2005 `--+--o †Anatochoerinae Mones & Vucetich, in Mones, 1991 | |?- †Contracavia Burmeister, 1885; U.Mioc. SA. | `-- †Anatochoerus Vucetich & Mones, in Mones, 1991 `--o Hydrochoerinae Gray, 1825 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 |--o †Protohydrochoerinae Kraglievich, 1930 | |?- †Nothydrochoerus Rusconi, 1935; U.Plioc. SA. | `--o †Chapalmatherium F. Ameghino, 1908 [Protohydrochoerus Rovereto, 1914] L.-U.Plioc. SA. | |-- †C. novum Ameghino, 1908 | `-- †C. perturbidum [Protohydrochoerus Rovereto, 1914; †Anchimysops villalobosi (juveline); Phugatherium cataclisticum (juveline)] `--o Hydrochoerinae Gray, 1825 [taxonomic history] |-- †Hydrochoeropsis Kraglievich, 1930; U.Plioc. SA. `--+--o †Neochoerus Hay, 1926 [†Oromys Leidy, 1853 (nomen nudum?)] [incl.? †Palaeohydrochoerus Spillmann, 1942 (nomen nudum?)] [incl. †Pliohydrochoerus Kraglievich, 1930; †Prohydrochoerus Spillmann, 1941] | `-- †N. pinckneyi `--o Hydrochaeris Brunnich, 1772 [taxonomic history] |-- †H. holmesi |-- †H. gaylordi MacPhee, Singer & Diamond, 2000 |-- H. hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1758) (kabybara, vesisika) `?- H. isthimus Goldman, 1912 (panamankabybara)
Reference(s):
- MacPhee, R. D. E., Singer, R. & Diamond, M., 2000: Late Cenozoic land mammals from Grenada, Lesser Antilles island-arc.
–American Museum Novitates: 3302, pp. 1-20 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Prado, J. L., Cerdeño, E. & Roig-Juñent, 1998: The giant rodent Chapalmatherium from the Pliocene of Argentina: New remains and taxonomic remarks on the family Hydrochoeridae.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 18, #4, pp. 788-798 - Vucetich, M. G., Deschamps, C. M., Olivares, A. I. & Dozo, M. T., 2005: Cabybaras, size, shape, and time: a model kit.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 50, #2, pp. 259-272 [http://app.pan.pl/acta50/app50-259.pdf]