Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Cingulata – armadillos

After Gaudin, 2004, Billet et al., 2011, and Delsuc et al., 2012 via Gaudin & Croft, 2015, with species from the “Paleobiology database”

<==o Cingulata Illiger, 1811 [taxonomic history] (vyötiäiset)
   |?- †Protobradys Ameghino, 1902 [Protobradidae Ameghino, 1902; taxonomic history] [nomen dubium, speciment lost]
   `==o Dasypodoidea Gray, 1821 [sensu? Hay, 1930] [paraphyletic]
      |--o †Peltephilidae Ameghino, 1894 [taxonomic history]
      |  |--o †Peltephilus Ameghino, 1887 [Peltophilus Winge, 1915] [incl. Cochlops Ameghino, 1889; Gephyranodus Ameghino, C., 1891]
      |  |  |-- †P. depressuss Ameghino, 1897
      |  |  |-- †P. ferox Ameghino, 1891
      |  |  |-- †P. giganteus Ameghino, 1894
      |  |  |-- †P. granosus Ameghino, 1902
      |  |  |-- †P. protervus Ameghino, 1897
      |  |  |-- †P. pumilus Ameghino, 1887
      |  |  |-- †P. strepens Ameghino 1887 [Peltephilus heusseri Moreno & Mercerat, 1891]
      |  |  `-- †P. undulatus Ameghino, 1897
      |  |-- †Peltecoelus praelucens Ameghino, 1902
      |  |-- †Parapeltecoelus Bordas, 1938
      |  |-- †Anantiosodon rarus Ameghino, 1891
      |  `-- †Epipeltephilus recurvus Ameghino, 1904
      `--o Dasypodidae Gray, 1821 sensu lato (McKenna & Bell, 1997) [taxonomic history] (vyötiäiset)
         |-- Dasypodinae Gray, 1821 [sensu? Gill, 1872] [taxonomic history]
         `--o Chlamyphoridae Bonaparte, 1850 sensu Delsuc et al., 2016
            |--o Chlamyphorus Harlan, 1825 [Chlamydophorus Wagler, 1830] [incl. Burmeisteria Gray, 1865; Calyptophractus Fitzinger, 1871] [Chlamyphorini Pocock, 1924; taxonomic history] (myyrävyötiäiset)
            |  |-- C. truncatus Harlan, 1825 (pink fairy armadillo; myyrävyötiäinen)
            |  `-- C. retusus (Burmeister, 1863) [Calyptophractus retusus (Burmeister, 1863) Fitzinger, 1871] (greater fairy armadillo; isomyyrävyötiäinen)
            |--o Tolypeutinae Gray, 1865 [taxonomic history]
            |  |-- †Kuntinatu boliviensis Billet, Hautier, de Muizon & Valentin, 2011; L.Olig. CSAm.
            |  `--+--o Tolypeutes Illiger, 1811 [Tolypeutini Gray, 1865; taxonomic history]
            |     |  |-- T. tricinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brazilian three-banded armadillo; brasilianpallovyötiäinen)
            |     |  `-- T. matacus (Desmarest, 1804) (southern three-banded armadillo; etelänpallovyötiäinen)
            |     `--o Priodontini Gray, 1873 [taxonomic history]
            |        |-- Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792) Cuvier, F., 1827 [Synonyms] (Giant armadillo; jättiläisvyötiäinen)
            |        `--o Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 [Synonyms] (paljashäntävyötiäiset; naked-tailed armadillos)
            |           |--o C. unicinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Southern naked-tailed armadillo; etelänpaljashäntävyötiäinen)
            |           |  |-- C. u. squamicaudis Lund, 1845
            |           |  `-- C. u. unicinctus (Linnaeus, 1758)
            |           |-- C. centralis (Miller, 1899) (Northern naked-tailed armadillo; pohjanpaljashäntävyötiäinen)
            |           |-- C. chacoensis Wetzel, 1980 (Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo)
            |           `-- C. tatouay (Desmarest, 1804) (Greater naked-tailed armadillo)
            `--+-- Euphractinae Winge, 1923 [taxonomic history]
               `--o †Glyptodontoidea Gray, 1869 [taxonomic history]
                  |-- †Pampatheriidae Paula Couto, 1954 [taxonomic history]
                  `--+--o †Palaeopeltis Ameghino, 1895 [Pseudorophodon Hoffstetter, 1954] [Paleopeltidae Ameghino, 1895; taxonomic history]
                     |  |-- †P. inornatus Ameghino, 1894
                     |  |-- †P. tesseratus Ameghino, 1902
                     |  `?- †P. kraglievichi (Hoffstetter, 1954) [Pseudorophodon kraglievichi Hoffstetter, 1954]
                     `-- †Glyptodontidae Gray, 1969 [taxonomic history] (glyptodonts; suurvyötiäiset)

<==o Cingulata
   |--o Dasypodidea
   |  `-- Dasypus
   `--o Chlamyphoridae
      |--o Euphractinae
      |  |-- Euphractus
      |  `--+== Chaetophractus
      |     `-- Zaedyus
      `--+--o †Glyptodontinae
         |  `-- †Doedicurus
         `--+--o Chlamyphorinae
            |  `-- Chlamyphorus
            `--o Tolypeutinae
               |-- Priodontes
               `--+-- Tolypeutes
                  `-- Cabassous

<==o Cingulata
   |?- †Protobradys
   |--o Dasypodoidea
   |  |--o †Peltephilidae
   |  |  |-- †Peltephilus
   |  |  |-- †Peltecoelus
   |  |  |-- †Parapeltecoelus
   |  |  |-- †Anantiosodon
   |  |  `-- †Epipeltephilus
   |  `--o Dasypodidae
   |     |-- Dasypodinea
   |     |-- Euphractinae
   |     `-- Tolypeutinae
   `--o †Glyptodontoidea
      |-- †Pampatheriidae
      |-- †Palaeopeltis
      `--o †Glyptodontidae
         |-- †Glyptatelinae
         |-- †Propalaehoplophorinae
         |-- †Haplophorinae
         |-- †Doedicurinae
         `-- †Glyptodontinae

Reference(s):

• Billet, G., Hautier, L., de Muizon, C. & Valentin, X., 2011: Oldest cingulate skulls provide congruence between morphological and molecular scenarios of armadillo evolution.
  –Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: Vol. 278, #1719, pp. 2791-2797 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2443]
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
  in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Delsuc, F., Gibb, G. C., Kuch, M., Billet, G., Hautier, L., Southon, J., Rouillard, J.-M., Fernicola, J. C., Vizcaíno, S. F., MacPhee, R. D. E. & Poinar, H. N., 2016: The phylogenetic affinities of the extinct glyptodonts.
  –Current Biology: Vol. 26, #4, pp. R155-R156 [doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.039]
• Gaudin, T. J. & Croft, D. A., 2015: Paleogene Xenarthra and the evolution of South American mammals.
  –Journal of Mammalogy: Vol. 96, #4, pp. 622-634 [doi: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv073]
• de Iuliis, G., Bargo, M. S. & Vizcaíno, S. F., 2000: Variation in skull morphology and mastication in the fossil giant armadillos Pampatherium spp. and allied genera (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Pampatheriidae), with comments on their systematics and distribution.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #4, pp. 743-754
• McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
  –Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631