After Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009, with Recent species from Nowak, 1991
<==o Vulpes Frisch, 1775 [Fennecus Desmarest, 1804; Megalotis Illiger, 1811; Vulpis Gray, 1821; Alopex Kaup, 1829; Cynalopex H. Smith, 1839; Leucocyon Gray, 1868; Mamvulpesus Herrera, 1899; Xenalopex Kretzoi, 1954] (foxes; ketut) |-- †V. kernensis Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009; L.Mioc. NAm. `--+-- †V. stenognathus Savage, 1941; L.Mioc. NAm. `--+--+-- †V. alopecoides Major, 1875 | `--+-- †V. praeglacialis Kormos, 1932 | `--+-- †V. angustidens Thenius. 1954 | `-- V. vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) [48 ssp.!!] [Canis vulpes Linnaeus, 1758; V. fulvus] (red fox; kettu) `--+-- †V. praecorsac Kormos, 1932 `-- V. corsac [3 ssp.] (corsac; korsakki) †V. beihaiensis Qiu & Tedford, 1990 †V. chikushanensis Teilhard de Chardin, 1940 †V. galaticus †V. pattisoni †V. pulcher †V. riffautae de Bonis, Peigné, Likius, Mackaye, Vignaud & Brunet, 2007 V. ferrilata (Tibetan sand fox; tiibetinkettu) V. cana (Blanford's fox; blanfordinkettu) V. velox (Say, 1823) [10 ssp.] (swift fox; kissakettu) V. v. velox (kissakettu) V. v. hebes (pikkukissakettu) V. v. neomexicana (meksikonaavikkokettu) V. macrotis Merriam, 1888 [ssp.=>V. velox??] (kit fox) V. m. mutica V. m. macrotis V. bengalensis (Bengal fox; bengalinkettu) V. rueppellii [6 ssp.] (Sand fox; hiekkakettu) V. pallida (Pale fox; vaaleakettu) V. chama (Cape fox; kaamakettu, kapinkettu)
Reference(s):
- de Bonis, L., Peigné, S., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T., Vignaud, P. & Brunet, M., 2007: The oldest African fox (Vulpes riffautae n. sp., Canidae, Carnivora) recovered in Late Miocene deposits of the Djurab desert, Chad.
–Naturwissenschaften: pp. 1-6 [doi: 10.1007/s00114-007-0230-6] - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Savage, R. J. G., 1978: Carnivora. 249-267
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African Mammals
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Tedford, R. H., Wang, X. & Taylor, B. E., 2009: Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae).
–Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: #325, pp. 1-218