After McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009, with Recent species from Nowak, 1991
<==o Canini Fischer von Waldheim, 1817 [non Gray, 1821] (true dogs and wolves; aitokoirat) |--o Cerdocyonina Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 | |--+?-o †Theriodictis Mercerat, 1891 [Dinocynops F. Ameghino, 1898; Pleurocyon Mercerat, 1917; Canis (Theriodictis) L. Kraglievich, 1928] | | | |?- †T.? floridanus Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 | | | |-- †T. platensis Mercerat, 1891 | | | `-- †T. tarijensis (Ameghino, 1902) | | |?- †Protocyon Giebel, 1855 [Palaeocyon Lund, 1843; Palaeospeothos Spillmann, 1941] | | |--o †Dusicyon Hamilton-Smith, 1839 | | | |?- †D. avus | | | `-- †D. australis (Kerr, 1792) (Falkland Island wolf; falklandinkettu) [extinct since 1876] | | `--o Pseudalopex Burmeister, 1856 (Clupeo; South American foxes; pampaketut) | | |-- P. gymnocercus (pampakettu) [2 ssp.] | | |-- P. culpaeus [6 ssp.] (culpeo) | | |-- P. griseus (lintukettu) | | `-- P. sechurae (sechurankettu) | |-- Lycalopex vetulus (Lund, 1840) Burmeister, 1854 [Pseudalopex vetulus??; Nothocyon urostictus Mivart, 1890; Nothocyon parvidens Mivart, 1890] (Hoary fox; South American field fox; pienihammaskettu) | |--o Chrysocyon Hamilton-Smith, 1839 | | |-- †C. subarcticus Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 | | `-- C. brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) [Canis brachyurus Illiger, 1815] (Maned wolf; harjasusi) | `--+-- Atelocynus microtis Cabrera, 1940 (Small-eared dog; pienikorvakettu) | |--+--o Cerdocyon Hamilton-Smith, 1839 [Carcinocyon J.A. Allen, 1905] | | | |?- †C.? avius Torres & Ferrusquia, 1981 | | | |-- †C. texanus Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 | | | `-- C. thous (Linnaeus, 1766) (ravunsyöjäkettu) | | `--o Nyctereutes Temminck, 1839, L.Mioc.-R. EAs., Plioc. Eu. (Raccoon dogs; supikoirat) | | |-- †N. donnezani (Deperet, 1890-1897) | | |-- †N. tingi Tedford & Qiu, 1996 | | `--+-- †N. abdeslami | | |-- †N. megamastocyon | | |-- †N. sinensis | | |-- †N. vinetorum | | `--o N. procyonoides (Temminck, 1838) (Raccoon dog; supikoira) | | |-- N. p. koreensis (Mori, 1922) (‹Korea›) | | |-- N. p. orestes (Thomas, 1923) (‹Yunnan›) | | |-- N. p. ussuriensis (Matschie, 1907) (‹South Siberia (Russia)›, transplanted to northeastern Europe) | | |-- N. p. albus (Hokkaido Raccoon Dog) (‹Hokkaido›) (Beard, 1904) | | |-- N. p. viverrinus (Temminck, 1838) (Japanese Raccoon Dog) | | `-- N. p. procyonoides (Temminck, 1838) | `--o Speothos Lund, 1839 | |-- †S. pacivorus Lund, 1839 | `--o S. venaticus (Lund, 1842) (Bush dog; pensaskoira) | |-- S. v. panamensis | |-- S. v. venaticus | `-- S. v. weijie `--o Canina Fischer von Waldheim, 1817 sensu Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 |?- †“Canis” cipio Crusafont, 1950 |?- †“Canis” adoxus Martin, 1973 [Vulpes adoxus Pons Moya & Crusafont, 1978a, b] |-- †Nurocyon chonokhariensis Sotnikova, 2006 `==o †Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 [paraphyletic] |-- †Eucyon? skinneri Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 |?- †Eucyon intrepidus Morales et al., 2005 |?- †Eucyon zhoui Tedford & Qiu, 1996 |+- †E. minor Teilhard de Chardin & Piveteau, 1930 |?-+-- †Eucyon monticinensis Rook, 1992 | `-- †Eucyon odessanus Odintzov, 1967 `--+-- †Eucyon davisi (Merriam, 1911) [Canis davisi Merriam, 1911; Leptocyon shermanensis Hibbard, 1937; Canis condoni Shotwell, 1956] `==o Canis Linnaeus, 1758 [taxonomic history] (dogs, wolves, coyotes & jackals; koirat, sudet, kojootit ja shakaalit) `--+--+-- †“Canis” antonii [=? Xenocyon antonii] | `-- †“Canis” falconeri [=? Xenocyon falconeri (Forsyth Major, 1877)] `==o †Xenocyon Kretzoi, 1938 [Protocyon] |-- †Xenocyon africanus [incl. Xenocyon atrox Broom, 1948] |-- †Xenocyon antonii |-- †Xenocyon dubius (Teilhard de Chardin, 1940) [Cuon dubius Teilhard de Chardin, 1940; Sinucuon peii Kretzoi, 1941; Cuon dubius stehlini Thenius, 1954] |-- †Xenocyon texanus (Troxell, 1915) [Canis texanus Troxell, 1915; Protocyon texanus J.L. Kraglievich, 1952; Protocyon texanus Kurtén & Anderson, 1980] |-- †Xenocyon falconeri (Forsyth Major, 1877) |-- †Xenocyon lycaonoides Kretzoi, 1938 [Canis lycaonoides Kretzoi, 1938; “Canis” gigas Kretzoi, 1938; “Canis” spelaeoides Kretzoi, 1939; Xenocyon spelaeoides (Kretzoi, 1942) Musil, 1972] |?- †“Cuon” rosi Pons-Moya & Moya-Sola, 1978 `--+--o Cuon Hodgson, 1837 [Crassicuon; Cyon; Semicuon; Sinocuon; Xenocyon] | `--o C. alpinus (Pallas, 1811) (Dhole; vuorisusi) [3 ssp.] | |--+-- †C. a. priscus Thenius, 1954 | | `--+-- †C. a. antiquus Matthew & Granger, 1923 [C. javanicus antiquus Matthew & Granger, 1923] | | `--+-- †C. a. fossilis Nehring, 1890 | | `--+-- †C. a. europaeus Bourguignat, 1868 | | `-- †C. a. ssp. [Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009] [L.Pleist. SWNAm.] | |--o C. a. alpinus (Pallas, 1811) | | |-- C. a. alpinus var. alpinus (Pallas, 1811) (itäaasianvuorisusi) | | |-- C. a. alpinus var. adustus (‹Northern Myanmar and Indo-China›) | | |-- C. a. alpinus var. clamitans | | |-- C. a. alpinus var. dukhunensis (Sykes, 1831) (dhole; vuorisusi (‹Intia: E.-Ganges›)) | | |-- C. a. alpinus var. fumosus (‹Western Szechuan, China, and Mongolia›) | | |-- C. a. alpinus var. infuscus (‹Southern Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam›) | | |-- C. a. alpinus var. javanicus (Desmarest, 1820) (‹Java›) | | |-- C. a. alpinus var. laniger (vuorisusi (‹Sikkim, Nepal›)) | | |-- C. a. alpinus var. lepturus (‹South of the Yangze in China›) | | `-- C. a. alpinus var. primaevus Hodgson, 1837 (‹Nepal, Sikkim (India), and Bhutan›) | |-- C. a. hesperius (länsiaasianvuorisusi (‹Eastern Turkestan, Southern Siberia, and Western China (Altai and Tienshan)›)) | `-- C. a. sumatrensis (‹Sumatra›) `--o Lycaon Brookes, 1827 in Griffith et al., 1927 [Cynhyaena F. Cuvier, 1829; Kynos Rüppell, 1842; Hyenoides Boitard, 1842; Hyaenoides Gervais, 1855 (lapsus calami pro Hyenoides Boitard, 1842)] (villikoirat, hyeenakoirat) |-- †L. sp. |-- †L. sekowei Hartstone-Rose, Werdelin, de Ruiter, Berger & Churchill, 2010; Plioc.-Pleist. SAf. `--o L. pictus (Temminck, 1820) [5 ssp.] (African wild dog, African hunting dog; afrikan vilikoira; hyeenakoira) |-- L. p. pictus |-- L. p. lupinus |-- L. p. manguensis |-- L. p. sharicus `-- L. p. somalicus
Reference(s):
- Alroy, J., 2002: North American fossil mammal systematics database.
–iNet: North American fossil mammal systematics database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/nafmsd.html - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
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–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
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