After (partly) Nowak, 1979, 1991, and McKenna & Bell, 1997
Canis Linnaeus, 1758 Neocyon Gray, 1868 Mamcanisus Herrera, 1899 †Cubacyon Arredondo & Varona, 1974 †Indocyon Arredondo, 1981 ?Including: Alopsis Rafinesque, 1815 Lupus Okem , 1816 Chaon C. Hamilton Smith, 1839 Including: Thos Oken, 1816 Vulpicanis de Blainville, 1837 Lyciscus C. Hamilton Smith, 1839 Sacalius C. Hamilton Smith, 1839 Oxygous Hodgson, 1841 Lupulus Gervais, 1855 †Gynotherium Studiati, 1857 Simenia Gray, 1868 Dieba Gray, 1869 †macrocyon Ameghino, 1881 Lupulella Hilzheimer, 1906 Schaeffia Hilzheimer, 1906 Alopedon Hilzheimer, 1906 †Stereocyon Mercerat, 1917 †Aenocyon Merriam, 1918 †Megacyon von Koenigswald, 1940 Oreocyon Krumbiegel, 1949 Dasycyon Krumbiegel, 1953 †Canis sp.1 [South Turkwel Hominid site, Kenya] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2000] †Canis africanus †Canis atrox †Canis condoni; Plio. NA. †Canis terblanchei †Canis davisii Merriam, 1911; Plio. NA. †Canis cipio †Canis michauxi †Canis falconeri †Canis petenyi †Canis arnensis †Canis chihliensis †Canis kuruksaensis †Canis lepophagus Johnston, 1938; U. Pleist. NA. †Canis cedazoensis Mooser & Dalquest; 1975; U. Pleist. NA. Canis latrans Say in James, 1823 (coyote; kojootti) U. Pleist. R. NA. Canis latrans Say in James, 1823 †Canis andersoni Merriam, 1910 Canis caneloensis Skinner, 1942 †Canis irvingtonensis Savage, 1951 Canis latrans cagottis (Hamilton-Smith, 1839) Lyciscus cagottis Hamilton-Smith, 1839 =? Lyciscus latrans (Say) Hamilton-Smith, 1839 Canis latrans colatus Hall, 1934 Canis latrans clepticus Canis clepticus Elliot, 1903 incl.? †Canis andersoni Merriam, 1910 Canis latrans dickeyi Nelson, 1932 (Panama coyote; panamankojootti) Canis latrans frustror Woodhouse, 1850 Canis frustror Woodhouse, 1850 Canis latrans goldmani Merriam, 1904 Canis goldmani Merriam, 1904 †Canis latrans harriscrooki Slaughter, 1961 Canis latrans hondurensis Goldman, 1936 Canis hondurensis Goldman, 1936 Canis latrans impavidus Allen, 1903 Canis impavidus Allen, 1903 †Canis latrans irvingtonensis Savage, 1951 Canis latrans incolatus (Alaska coyote; alaskankojootti) Canis latrans jamesi Townsend, 1912 Canis jamesi Townsend, 1912 Canis latrans latrans Say in James, 1823 Canis latrans pallidus Merriam Canis latrans nebracensis Merriam Canis latrans lestes Merriam, 1897 Canis lestes Merriam, 1897 incl.? Canis microdon Merriam, 1897 Canis latrans mearnsi Merriam, 1897 Canis mearnsi Merriam, 1897 Canis estor Merriam, 1897 Canis latrans microdon Merriam, 1897 Canis microdon Merriam, 1897 [synon. to Canis latrans lestes Merriam, 1897?] Canis latrans ochropus Eschscholtz, 1829 Canis ochropus Eschscholtz, 1829 †Canis latrans orcutti Merriam, 1910 †Canis orcutti Merriam, 1910 Canis latrans peninsulae Merriam, 1897 Canis peninsulae Merriam, 1897 †Canis latrans riviveronis Hay, 1917 (floridankojootti; Florida coyote); Pleist. NA. †Canis riviveronis Hay, 1917 Canis latrans texensis Bailey, 1905 Canis latrans thamnos Jackson, 1949 Canis latrans umpquensis Jackson, 1949 Canis latrans vigilis Canis vigilis Merriam, 1897 Canis latrans “var” (New England coyote; uudenenglanninkojootti) †Canis lycanoides †Canis apolloniensis †Canis variabilis †Canis khomenkoi †Canis brevirostris †Canis etruscus (etruskisusi); L. Pleist. Eu. †Canis arnenis L. Pleist. SEu. =? Canis priscolatrans Cope, 1899 †Canis edvardii Gazin, 1942; Pleist. NA. Canis lupus baileyi Hoffmeister & Goodpaster, 1954 Canis rufus Audubon & Bachman, 1851 (red wolf; punasusi) [hybridspecies; Canis latrans X Canis lupus?] Lupus niger Bartram, 1791 (nomen nudum) Canis lupus var. Rufus Audubon & Bachman, 1851 Canis niger Harper, 1942 Canis rufus Hall, 1965 Canis rufus rufus Audubon & Bachman, 1851 †Canis rufus priscolatrans Cope, 1899 †Canis priscolatrans Cope, 1899 †Canis rufus gregoryi Goldman, 1937 †Canis rufus floridanus Miller, 1912 †Canis floridanus Miller, 1912 †Canis armbrusteri Gidley, 1913; Pleist. NA. †Canis dirus Leidy, 1858 (direwolf); Pleist. NA. Canis primaevus Leidy, 1854 (nomen nudum?) Canis dirus Leidy, 1858 Canis indianensis Leidy, 1869 Canis mississippiensis Leidy, 1876 Canis lupus Linnaeus; Cope & Wortham, 1884 Canis dirus Leidy; Merriam, 1912 Canis ayersi Sellards, 1916 Aenocyon dirus (Leidy); Merriam, 1918 Aenocyon ayersi (Sellards); Merriam, 1918 Canis (Aenocyon) ayersi Sellards; Simpson, 1929 Canis (Aenocyon) dirus Leidy; Stock, 1946 Canis ayersi Sellards; Weigel, 1962 Canis dirus Leidy; Kurtén & Anderson, 1972 Canis dirus Leidy; Martin, 1974 Canis dirus Leidy; Nowak, 1979 Canis simensis Ruppell, 1835 (Abyssinian wolf; simeninsakaali) Canis adustus Sundevall, 1846 (side-stiped jackal; juovasakaali) Canis mesomelas Schreber, 1778 (black-backed jackal; vaippasakaali) Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 (golden jackal; sakaali, kultasakaali) Thos vulgaris Oken, 1816 Canis lupaster Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1832 ?Canis lupus deitanus † Canis mosbachensis; M. Pleist. Eu. Canis lupus mosbachensis] Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 (domestic dog; koira) [polyphyletic?!] Canis petrolei Stock, 1938 Canis familiaris dingo Blumenbach, 1780 (dingo) Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 (wolf; susi); Pleist. R. Eu. As. NAf. NA. Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 †Canis milleri Merriam, 1912 †Aenocyon milleri (Merriam, 1912) Merriam, 1918 Canis lupus lupus Linnaeus, 1758 Canis lupus flavus Kerr Canis lupus niger Hermann Canis lupus communis Dwigubski Canis lupus orientalis (Wagner, 1841) Lupus orientalis Wagner, 1841 Canis lupus major Ogérien Canis lupus minor Ogérien Canis lupus deitanus Cabrera Canis lupus signatus Cabrera (Spain) Canis lupus lycaon Trouessart (non Schreber) Canis lupus altaicus (Noak, 1911) Lupus altaicus Noak(?), 1911 Canis lupus italicus Altobello (Italia) Canis lupus kurjak Bolkay Canis lupus albus Kerr, 1792 (East Siberian wolf; itä-siperian susi) Canis Lupus-Albus Sabine, in Franklin, 1823 [non albus Kerr, 1792] Canis lupus turuchanensis Ognev Canis lupus dybowskii Domaniewski Canis lupus campestris Dwigubski, 1804 (Central Asian wolf; arosusi) Canis lupus desertorum Bogdanov Canis lupus cubanensis Ognev Canis lupus arabs Pocock, 1934 (Arabian wolf; arabiansusi) Canis lupus pallipes Sykes, 1831 (Indian wolf; intiansusi) Canis pallipes Sykes, 1831 Canis lupus chanco Gray, 1863 (Chinese wolf; kiinansusi) ==> domesticated dog?? Canis chanco Gray, 1863 Lupus laniger Hodgson, 1847 Canis niger Sclater, 1874 [non niger Kerr, 1792] Lupus filchneri Matschie, 1908 Lupus karanorensis Matschie, 1908 lupus tschiliensis Matschie, 1908 †Canis lupus hadophilax Temminck, 1839 (Japanese wolf; japaninsusi) Canis hadophilax Temminck, 1839 Canis hodopylax (sic) Temminck Canis lupus japonicus Nehring Canis lupus hattai Kishida, 1931 (Hokkaido wolf; hokkaidonsusi) Canis lupus rex Pocock Canis lupus alces Goldman, 1941 Canis lupus arctos Pocock, 1935 (arctic isles wolf; arktistensaartensusi Canis lupus baileyi Nelson & Goldman, 1929 (non Hoffmeister & Goodpaster, 1954) (Mexican wolf; meksikonsusi) Canis lupus beothucus G.M. Allen & Barbour, 1937 (newfoundlandinsusi) Canis lupus bernardi Anderson, 1943 Canis lupus columbianus Goldman, 1941 (British Columbia wolf; brittiläisenkolumbiansusi) Canis lupus crassodon Hall, 1932 (Vancover Isle wolf; Vancoversaaren susi) Canis lupus fuscus Richardson, in Beechey, 1839 (Cascaid wolf; kaskadiensusi Canis lupus gigas Townsend Canis lupus hudsonicus Goldman, 1941 (hudsoninlahdensusi) Canis lupus griseoalbus Baird, 1858 (Saskatshewaninsusi) Canis Lupus-Griseus Sabine, in Franklin, 1823 [non Griseus Boddaert, 1794] Canis lupus knightii Anderson Canis lupus irremotus Goldman, 1937 (Montana wolf; montanansusi) Canis lupus labradorius Goldman, 1937 (Labrator wolf; labradorinsusi) Canis lupus ligoni Goldman, 1937 (Panhandle wolf; rannikkovuortensusi) Canis lupus lycaon Schreber, 1775 (Timber wolf; metsäsusi) Canis lycaon Schreber, 1775 Canis lupus canadensis Blainville Canis lupus ungavensis Comeau Canis lupus mackenzii Anderson, 1943 (mackentsinsusi) Canis lupus manningi Anderson, 1943 (ellesmerenmaansusi Canis lupus mogollonensis Goldman, 1937 (New Mexico wolf; uudenmeksikonsusi) Canis lupus monstrabilis Goldman, 1937 (Texas wolf; teksasinsusi) Canis lupus nubilus Say, in Long, 1823 (Great Plains wolf; puhvelisusi) Canis nubilus Say, in Long, 1823 Canis variabilis Wied-Neuwied, 1841 Canis lupus occidentalis Richardson, 1829 (koilliskalliovuortensusi) Canis lupus sticte Richardson Canis lupus ater Richardson †Canis lupus furlongi Merriam, 1910 †Canis occidentalis furlongi Merriam, 1910 †Canis milleri Merriam, 1912 †Aenocyon milleri (Merriam) Merriam, 1918] Canis lupus orion Pocock, 1935 (grönlanninsusi; greenland wolf) Canis lupus pambasileus Elliot, 1905 (eteläalaskansusi) Canis pambasileus Elliot, 1905 Canis lupus tundrarum Miller, 1912 (Tundra wolf; tundrasusi, pohjoisalaskansusi) Canis tundrarum Miller, 1912 Canis lupus youngi Goldman, 1937 (Great Basin wolf)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Harrison, J. A., 1983: The Carnivora of the Edson Local Fauna (Late Hemphilillian), Kansas.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 54, pp. iv-42 - McKenna, M. Canis & Bell, S. K., eds., 1997: Classification of mammals; above the species level. –Columbia University Press, New York, 1997.
- Mech, L. D., 1974: Canis lupus.
–Mammalian species: #37, pp. 1-6 - Nowak, R. M., 1979: North American Quaternary Canis
–Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas: #6, pp. 1-154 - Nowak, R. M., 1999: Walker's Mammals of the World (6th edition); Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1999, li-836-lxx - Savage, R. J. G., 1978: Carnivora. 249-267
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African Mammals
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Viranta, S. & Fortelius, M., 2000: Personal correspondence.
- Werdelin, L. & Lewis, M. E., 2000: Carnivora from the South Turkwel hominid site, northern Kenya.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #6, pp. 1173-1180