mainly after McKenna & Bell, 1997
<==o †Phenacodonta |?- †Ocepeia daouiensis Gheerbrant & Sudre, in Gheerbrant, Sudre, Iarochene & Moumni, 2001 |--o †Meniscotheriidae | |-- †Ectocion osbornianus Cope, 1882b[Gidleyina, Prosthecion] | `--o †Meniscotherium Cope, 1874 [Hyracops] | |-- †M. tapiacitis | |-- †M. robustum | `-- †M. chamense Cope, 1874 `--o †Phenacodontidae |?- †Phenacodontidae genera et species indet. L. Paleoc., SEAs. [McKenna & †Chow, 2001] |?- †Almogaver |?- †Eodesmatodon |-- †Paraphenacodus solivagus |-- †Tetraclaenodon puercensis [Euprotogonia; T. septentrionalis] `--+-- †Copecion brachypternus? `--o †Phenacodus |-- †P. primaevus |-- †P. vortmani `-- †P. trilobatus
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Court, N., 1990: Periotic anatomy of Arsinotherium (Mammalia: Embrithopoda) and its phylogenetic implications.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 10, #2, pp. 170-182 - Froelich, D. J., 1999: Phylogenetic systematics of basal perissodactyls.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #1, pp. 140-159 - Libed, S. A., Lucas, S. G. & Kondrashov, P., 2001: Anagenetic evolution of Tetraclaenodon, A Palaocene “condylarth” from the San Juan Basin, New Mexico.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, Supplement to #3, pp. 73A - Luo, Z.-X., 1991: Variability of dental morphology and the relationships of the earliest arctocyonid species.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 11, #4, pp. 452-471 - Gheerbrant, E., Sudre, J., Iarochene, M. & Moumni, A., 2001: First ascertained african “condylarth” mammals (primitive ungulates: cf. Bulbulodentata and cf. Phenacodonta) from the earliest Ypresian of the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Marocco.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #1, pp. 107-118 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - McKenna, M. C. & †Chow, M., 2001: New phenacodont-like mammal, Late Paleocene of China.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, Supplement to #3, pp. 79A - de Muizon, C. & Cifelli, R. L., 2000: The “condylarths” (archaic Ungulata, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia): implications on the origin of the South American ungulates.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 22, #1, pp. 47-150 - Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M. 1989: Classification of the Perissodactyla. 530-537
in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M. 1989: The evolution of perissodactyls.
–Oxford University Press, New York, 1989 - Thewissen, J. G. M. & Domning, D. P., 1992: The role of phenacodontids in the origin of the modern orders of ungulate mammals.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 12, #4, pp. 494-504 - Zonneveld, J.-P., Gunnell, G. F. & Bartels, W. S., 2000: Early Eocene fossil vertebrates from the southwestern Green River basin, Lincoln and Uinta Counties, Wyoming.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 369-386