After Cooke & Wilkinson, 1978, Hunter & Fortelius, 1994, Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996, McKenna & Bell, 1997 and Pickford, 2001
Alternative phylogeny after Pickford & Morales, 2003
<==o †Listriodontinae Simpson, 1945 sensu Pickford & Morales, 2003 [non Gervais, 1859 sensu van der Made, 1996; non Roger, 1882; non Lydekker, 1884 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997] |--o †Listriodon H. von Meyer, 1846 | |-- †L. splendens H. von Meyer, 1846 | |--+-- †L. latidens [=? Bunolistriodon latidens (Biedermann, 1873)] | | `-- †L. meidamon (Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996) [Listriodon splendens michali Ciric & Thenius, 1959; Bunolistriodon meidamon Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996] | |-- †L. pentapotamiae (Falconer, 1868) | |-- †L. guptai [=? Bunolistriodon guptai] | |-- †L. juba | |-- †L. bartulensis Pickford, 2001 | |-- †L. akatikubas Wilkinson, 1976 sensu Picford & Morales, 2003 [= Bunolistriodon akatikubas (Wilkinson, 1976) sensu Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996] | `-- †L. retamaensis Pickford & Morales, 2003 [†Bunolistriodon aff. B. latidens] |--o †Lopholistriodon Pickford & Wilkinson, 1975 | |-- †L. kidogosana Pickford & Wilkinson, 1975 | `-- †L. moruoroti (Wilkinson, 1976) |-- †Eurolistriodon adelli Pickford & Moya Sola, 1995 `--o †Bunolistriodon Arambourg, 1933 |--o European Bunolistriodon | |-- †B. lockhardi (Pomel, 1848) [Listriodon lockhardi Pomel, 1848] | |-- †B. sp. aff. B. latidens [=? Listriodon latidens] | |-- †B. latidens (Biedermann, 1873) | `-- †B. michali |--o Anatolian Bunolistriodon | `-- †B. meidamon Fortelius, van der Made & Bernor, 1996 [Listriodon splendens michali Ciric & Thenius, 1959] |--o African Bunolistriodon [Listriodon?; Kubanochoerus?; Libycochoerus?] | |-- †B. jeanneli (Arambourg, 1933) [Listriodon jeanneli Arambourg, 1933; Kubanochoerus jeanneli(Arambourg, 1933)] | |-- †B. akatidogus (Wilkinson, 1976) [Listriodon akatidogus Wilkinson, 1976] | `-- †B. akatikubas (Wilkinson, 1976) [Listriodon akatikubas Wilkinson, 1976 sensu Picford & Morales, 2003] |--o Indian Bunolistriodon | |-- †B. affinis | |-- †B. guptai [=? Listriodon pentapotamiae (Falconier, 1868) sensu Pickford, 1988] | `-- †B. fategadensis `--o Chinese Bunolistriodon |-- †B. intermedius (Liu & Lee, 1963) [Listriodon intermedius (Liu & Lee, 1963) sensu Picford & Morales, 2003] `-- †B. robustus Yan Defa
Note:
Taxonomy of listriodont pigs is quite a mess. The messiness is caused by different taxonomic approaches adopted by Jan van der Made and Martin Pickford. The whole mess culminates to the question is genus Bunolistriodon a valid taxon?. Pickford maintains that it is junior synonym of Listriodon, whereas van der Made treats it as a distinctive genus, separateable from Listriodon.
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Cooke, H. B. S. & Wilkinson, A. F., 1978: Suidae and Tayassuidae. 435-482.
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Fortelius, M., van der Made, J. & Bernor, R. L., 1996: A new Listriodont suid, Bunolistriodon meidamon sp. nov., from the Middle Miocene of Anatolia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #1, pp. 149-164 - Hunter, J. P. & Fortelius, M., 1994: Comperative dental occlusal morphology, facet development, and microwear in two sympatric species of Listriodon (Mammalia: Suidae) from the Middle Miocene of Western Anatolia (Turkey).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #1, pp. 105-126 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Pickford, M., 2001: New species of Listriodon (Suidae, Mammalia) from Bartule, Member A, Ngorora Formation (ca 13 Ma) Tugen Hills, Kenya.
–Annales de Paléontologie: Vol. 87, #3, pp. 207-221 - Pickford, M. & Morales, J., 2003: New Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) from Europe and a review of listriodont evolution, biostratigraphy and biogeography.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 25, #2, pp. 347-404