After Boisserie, 2005, Boisserie, 2007, †Coryndon, 1978, Stuenes, 1989, McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Weston, 2000

<==o Hippopotamidae Gray, 1821 (hippos; virtahevot)
   |--o †Kenyapotamus Pickford, 1983 [Kenyapotaminae]
   |  |-- †K. coryndoni Pickford, 1983
   |  `-- †K. ternani Pickford, 1983
   `--o Hippopotaminae (nykyvirtahevot)
      |--+-- Choeropsis liberiensis (Morton, 1844) Leidy, 1853 (West African dwarf hippo; kääpiövirtahepo)
      |  `--o †Saotherium Boisserie, 2005
      |     |-- †S. mingoz (Boisserie et al., 2003) [Hexaprotodon mingoz Boisserie et al., 2003]
      |     `?- †S. aff.S. mingoz [Boisserie et al., 2003]
      `--+--o †Archaeopotamus Boisserie, 2005 [Hexaprotodon Falconer & Cautley, 1836 in partim]
         |  |--+-- †A. lothagamensis (Weston, 2000) [em>Hexaprotodon lothagamensis Weston, 2000]
         |  |  `?- †A. aff. lothagamensis Gentry, 1999
         |  `--+-- †A. harvardi (Coryndon, 1977) [Hexaprotodon harvardi Coryndon, 1977]
         |     `?- †A. aff. harvardi Kent, 1942
         `--+--o †Hexaprotodon Falconer & Cautley, 1836 [incl. Trilobophorus]
            |  `--+?- †Hex. sahabiensis Gaziry, 1987
            |     `--+?- †Hex. garyam Boisserie, Likius, Vignaud & Brunet, 2005
            |        |?- †Hex. crusafonti Aguirre, 1963 [=? Hexaprotodon primaevus Crusafont et al., 1964]
            |        |?- †Hex. siculus (Hooijer, 1940)
            |        |?-  †Hex. pantanellii (Joleaud, 1920)
            |        `--+?- †Hex. iravaticus Falconer & Cautley, 1847
            |           `==o †H. sivalensis Falconer & Cautley, 1836 [paraphyletic chrono-species]
            |              |--+-- †Hex. bruneti Boisserie & White, 2004
            |              |  `--+-- †Hex. namadicus (Falconer & Cautley, 1847)
            |              |     `--+-- †Hex. palaeindicus (Falconer & Cautley, 1847)
            |              |        `-- †Hex. synahleyus (Deraniyagala, 1935)
            |              |?- †Hex. koenigswaldi (Hooijer, 1950)
            |              |?- †Hex. sivajavanicus (Hooijer, 1950)
            |              |?- †Hex. soloensis (Hooijer, 1950)
            |              `?- †Hex. duboisi (Hooijer, 1950)
            `==o aff. Hippopotamus Linnaeus, 1758
               |?- †Hex. cf. protamphibius Weston, 2003
               |?-+?- †Hip. dulu (Boisserie, 2004)
               |  `--+-- †Hex. afarensis (Gèze, 1985) [Trilobophorus afarensis Harrison, 1997, Boisserie, 2005]
               |     `-- †Hex. coryndoni Gèze, 1985
               `?-+--+-- †Hex. protamphibius (Arambourg, 1944) [H. shungurensis Gèze, 1985]
                  |  |-- †Hex. karumensis Coryndon, 1977
                  |  `-- †Hip. aethiopicus Coryndon & Coppens, 1975 [Hexaprotodon aethiopicus (Coryndon & Coppens, 1975)]
                  `--o Hippopotamus Linnaeus, 1758 sensu stricto [Hexaprotodon; Hippoleakius; Prochoeropsis; Tetraprotodon] (hippopotamus; virtahevot)
                     |?- †H. hipponensis Gaudry, 1876 [Hexaprotodon hipponensis (Gaudry, 1876)]
                     `--o †H. kaisensis Hopwood, 1926 [Hexaprotodon kaisensis (Hopwood, 1926)] [paraphyletic chrono-species]
                        `--+?- †H. gorgops Dietrich, 1928 [H. benemoth Faure, 1986(?); H. sirensis Pomel, 1890(?)] (periscope-eyed hippo; periskooppivirtahepo)
                           `--+?=o †H. antiquus [H. major Desmarest, 1822;] (european hippo; euroopanvirtahepo)
                              |  |?- †H. georgicus Vekua, 1959(?)
                              |  `--o †H. antiquus [paraphyletic chrono-species]
                              |     |-- †H. creutzburgi Boekschoten & Sondaar, 1966 (Crete dwarf hippo; kreetankääpiövirtahepo)
                              |     `-- †H. tiberianus Mazza, 1991
                              `?=o H. amphibius Linnaeus, 1758 [H. incognitus Faure, 1984] (hippopotamus, hippo; virtahepo)
                                |?- †H. lemerlei Grandidier, in Milne-Edwards, 1868 [H. leptorhynchus Grandidier & Filhol, 1894; H. amphibius standini Monnier & Lamberton, 1922] (madagaskarinmaakääpoövirtahepo)
                                |?- †H. madagascariensis Guldberg, 1882 [Hex. madagascariensis] (madagaskarinkääpiövirtahepo)
                                |?- †H. laloumena Faure & Guérin, 1990
                                `?--+-- †H. melitensis Major, 1902 (Maltese dwarf hippo; maltankääpiövirtahepo)
                                    `-- †H. pentlandi Von Meyer, 1832 (Sisilian dwarf hippo; sisiliankääpiövirtahepo)

Hippopotamidae incertae sedis:

    aff. HexaprotodonHex. sp. aff. H. sahabiensisHex. primaevus Crusafont et al., 1964
        †Hex. imagunculus (Hopwood, 1926) [Hippopotamus imagunculus Hopwood, 1926]
        †Hex. aff. H. imagunculus [Pavlakis, 1990]
    aff. Hippopotamus Linnaeus, 1758
        †Hip. protamphibius turkanensis Gèze, 1985
        †Hip. minutus Cuvier, 1824 [Phanourios Boekschoten & Sondaar, 1972; Hippopotamus minor Desmarest, 1822] (kyproksenkääpiövirtahepo; Cypros dwarf hippo)

After Boisserie, 2005 (fig. 7 and partly fig. 10

<==o Hippopotamidae
   |--+-- Choeropsis liberiensis
   |  `--o †Saotherium
   |     |-- †S. mingoz 
   |     `?- †S. aff.S. mingoz
   `--+--o †Archaeopotamus
      |  |--+-- †A. harvardi
      |  |  `?- †A. aff. harvardi
      |  `--+-- †A. lothagamensis
      |     `?- †A. aff. lothagamensis
      `--+--o †Hexaprotodon sensu stricto
         |  |-- †H. sivalensis
         |  `--+-- †Hex. bruneti
         |     `-- †Hex. palaeindicus
         `==o aff. Hippopotamus Linnaeus, 1758
            |-- †Hex. afarensis
            `--+--o Hippopotamus sensu stricto
               |  |-- †H. gorgops
               |  `-- H. amphibius
               `--+-- †Hex. karumensis
                  `--+-- †Hex. protamphibius
                     `-- †Hex. aethiopicus

Reference(s):

  • Boisserie, J.-R., 2005: The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis.
    –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 143, #1, pp. 1-26 [doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00138.x]

Reference(s):