After Boisserie, 2007, †Coryndon, 1978, Stuenes, 1989, McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Weston, 2000
<==o Hippopotamidae Gray, 1821 (hippos; virtahevot)
|--o †Kenyapotamus Pickford, 1983 [Kenyapotaminae]
| |-- †K. coryndoni Pickford, 1983
| `-- †K. ternani Pickford, 1983
`--o Hippopotaminae (nykyvirtahevot)
|--+-- Choeropsis liberiensis (Morton, 1844) Leidy, 1853 (West African dwarf hippo; kääpiövirtahepo)
| `--o †Saotherium Boisserie, 2005
| |-- †S. mingoz (Boisserie et al., 2003) [Hexaprotodon mingoz Boisserie et al., 2003]
| `?- †S. aff.S. mingoz [Boisserie et al., 2003]
`--+--o †Archaeopotamus Boisserie, 2005
| |-- †A. lothagamensis (Weston, 2000) [em>Hexaprotodon lothagamensis Weston, 2000]
| `-- †A. harvardi (Coryndon, 1977) [Hexaprotodon harvardi Coryndon, 1977]
`--+--o Hexaprotodon Falconer & Cautley, 1836 [incl. Trilobophorus]
| `--+?- †H. sahabiensis Gaziry, 1987
| `--+?- †H. garyam Boisserie, Likius, Vignaud & Brunet, 2005
| |?- †H. crusafonti Aguirre, 1963 [=? Hexaprotodon primaevus Crusafont et al., 1964]
| |?- †H. siculus (Hooijer, 1940)
| |?- †H. pantanellii (Joleaud, 1920)
| `--+?- †H. iravaticus Falconer & Cautley, 1847
| `==o †H. sivalensis Falconer & Cautley, 1836
| |--+-- †H. bruneti Boisserie & White, 2004
| | `--+-- †H. namadicus (Falconer & Cautley, 1847)
| | `--+-- †H. s. palaeindicus (Falconer & Cautley, 1847)
| | `--
| |?-
| |--+-- †H. sp. aff. H. sahabiensis
| | `--
| `--+--
| `--+-- †H. harvardi Coryndon, 1977 [paraphyletic]
| |--+--
| | `--
| `--+--+--
| | `--o
| | |-- †H. s. duboisi (Hooijer, 1950)
| | |--
| | |--
| | |-- †H. s. sivalensis Falconer & Cautley, 1836
| | |-- †H. s. synahleyus (Deraniyagala, 1935)
| | |-- †H. s. sivajavanicus (Hooijer, 1950)
| | |-- †H. s. soloensis (Hooijer, 1950)
| | |-- †H. s. koenigswaldi (Hooijer, 1950)
| `--+-- †H. imagunculus (Hopwood, 1926) [Hippopotamus imagunculus Hopwood, 1926]
| `--+?- †H. afarensis (Gèze, 1985) [Trilobophorus afarensis Harrison, 1997, Boisserie, 2005]
| |--+--o †H. protamphibius (Arambourg, 1944) [H. shungurensis Gèze, 1985]
| | | `-- †H. p. turkanensis Gèze, 1985
| | `-- †H. karumensis Coryndon, 1977
| |--+-- †H. hipponensis (Gaudry, 1876)
| | `-- †H. primaevus Crusafont et al., 1964
| `--+?- †H. kaisensis (Hopwood, 1926) [Hippopotamus kaisensis Hopwood, 1926)]
| `?- †H. madagascariensis [=? Hippopotamus madagascariensis; Hippopotamus laloumena Faure & Guérin, 1990] (madagaskarinkääpiövirtahepo)
`--
`--o Hippopotamus Linnaeus, 1758 [Hexaprotodon, Hippoleakius, Prochoeropsis, Tetraprotodon] (virtahevot)
|-- †H. major
|--+-- †H. aethiopicus Coryndon & Coppens, 1975 [Hexaprotodon aethiopicus (Coryndon & Coppens, 1975)]
| `-- †H. minutus Cuvier, 1824 [Phanourios Boekschoten & Sondaar, 1972; H. minor Desmarest, 1822] (kyproksenkääpiövirtahepo; Cypros dwarf hippo)
`--o H. amphibius -species-group
|--+-- †H. lemerlei Grandidier, in Milne-Edwards, 1868 [H. leptorhynchus Grandidier & Filhol, 1894; H. amphibius standini Monnier & Lamberton, 1922] (madagaskarinmaakääpoövirtahepo)
| `-- †H. madagascariensis Guldberg, 1882 (madagaskarinkääpiövirtahepo)
|-- †H. palaeindicus
`--+-- H. amphibius Linnaeus, 1758 [H. incognitus Faure, 1984] (hippopotamus, hippo; virtahepo)
`--+-- †H. gorgops Dietrich, 1928 [H. benemoth Faure, 1986(?); H. sirensis Pomel, 1890(?)] (periscope-eyed hippo; periskooppivirtahepo)
`--+-- †H. antiquus [H. major Desmarest, 1822; H. georgicus Vekua, 1959(?)] (european hippo; euroopanvirtahepo)
|?- †H. tiberianus Mazza, 1991
|-- †H. creutzburgi Boekschoten & Sondaar, 1966 (Crete dwarf hippo; kreetankääpiövirtahepo)
|-- †H. melitensis Major, 1902 (Maltese dwarf hippo; maltankääpiövirtahepo)
`-- †H. pentlandi Von Meyer, 1832 (Sisilian dwarf hippo; sisiliankääpiövirtahepo)
Hippopotamidae incertae sedis:
aff. Hippopotamus
†Hexaprotodon coryndoni Gèze, 1985
†Hippopotamus dulu (Boisserie, 2004)
aff. Hexaprotodon
†Hexaprotodon imagunculus (Hopwood, 1926)
†Hexaprotodon aff. H. imagunculus [Pavlakis, 1990]
Reference(s):
- Boisserie, J.-R., 2007: Family Hippopotamidae. 106-119.
in Prothero, D. R. & Foss, S. E., (eds.) 2007: The evolution of artiodactyls.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2007, xii-367
- Boisserie, J.-R., Likius, A., Vignaud, P. & Brunet, M., 2005: A new Late Miocene hippopotamid from Toros-Menella, Chad.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, #3, pp. 665-673
- Boisserie, J.-R. & White, T. D., 2004: A new species of Pliocene Hippopotamidae from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #2, pp. 464-473
- †Coryndon, S. C., 1978: Hippopotamidae. 483-495. [edited by Savage, R. J. G.]
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641
- McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., eds., 1997: Classification of mammals; above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997.
- Stuenes, S., 1989: Taxonomy, habits, and relationships of the subfossil madagascan hippopotami Hippopotamus lemerlei and Hippopotamus madagascariensis.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 9, #3, pp. 241-268
- Weston, E. M., 2000: A new species of hippopotamus Hexaprotodon lothagamensis (Mammalia: Hippopotamidae) from the Late Miocene of Kenya.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #1, pp. 177-185
