After Janis, 1987, Vislobokova & Daxner-Höck, 2002, and Mazza & Rustioni, 2011
<==o Pecora sensu Webb & Taylor, 1980 (Advanced ruminants) |--o †Gelocus [Paragelocus, Pseudogelocus] [paraphyletic Gelocidae Schlosser, 1886] | |-- †G. communis | |-- †G. villabramarensis | |-- †G. laubei | `-- †G. quercyi `--+?- †Notomeryx [paraphyletic Gelocidae Schlosser, 1886] |?- †Gobiomeryx dubius Trofimov, 1957 [paraphyletic Gelocidae Schlosser, 1886] `--+--o †Prodromotherium Filhol, 1877 [paraphyletic Gelocidae Schlosser, 1886] | |-- †P. elongatum | `-- †P. trepidum `--+?- †Rutitherium nouletti [paraphyletic Gelocidae Schlosser, 1886] |?-o †Eumeryx Matthew & Granger, 1924 [paraphyletic Gelocidae Schlosser, 1886, is a dremotheriine?] | |-- †E. culminis Matthew & Granger, 1924 | `-- †E. imbellis Vislobokova, 1983 |?-o †Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1983 sensu Mazza & Rustioni, 2011 | |?- †Amphimoschus | `--o †Hoplitomeryx Leinders, 1983 | |-- †H. matthei Leinders, 1983 | |-- †H. apruthiensis Mazza & Rustioni, 2011 | |-- †H. apulicus Mazza & Rustioni, 2011 | |-- †H. falcidens Mazza & Rustioni, 2011 | |-- †H. magnus Mazza & Rustioni, 2011 | `-- †H. minutus Mazza & Rustioni, 2011 |--o Giraffoidea Simpson, 1931 (Giraffa-like ruminants; kiraffinsukuiset märehtijät) | |?- †Teruelia | |?- †Lorancameryx | |-- †Climacoceratidae Hamilton, 1978 | `-- Giraffidae Gray, 1821 (kirahvit; giraffs) `--+--o Bovioidea Gray, 1821 (onttosarviset märehtijät) | `-- Bovidae Gray, 1821 (bovids, Bos-like ruminants; onttosarviset) `--o Cervoidea Goldfuss, 1820 (deer-like ruminants; hirvensukuiset märehtijät) |?- †Walangania africanus |?- †Orygotherium escheri von Meyer, 1838 |?- †Boreomeryx braskerudi Dawson & Harington, 2007 Plioc. NNAm. `--+-- Moschidae (musk deers; myskihirvet) `--+-- Antilocapridae (proghorns; hanka-antiloopit) `--+-- †Palaeomerycidae [incl. Dromomerycidae] `-- Cervidae (deers; hirvet, kauriit & peurat)
Basal Pecora incertae sedis:
†Palaeohypsodontus Trofimov, 1958
†P. asiaticus Trofimov, 1958
†P. zinensis Métais, Antoine, Marivaux, Welcomme & Ducrocq, 2003
†“Gelocidae” Schlosser, 1886
†Phaneromeryx
†P. gelyense
†Pseudogelocus Schlosser, 1902
†P. suevicus Schlosser, 1902
†P. mongolicus Vislobokova & Daxner-Höck, 2002
†Pseudomeryx Trofimov, 1957
†P. gobiensis Trofimov, 1957
†P. hypertalonidus Trofimov, 1957 [=? P. gobiensis Trofimov, 1957]
†Paragelocus Schlosser, 1902
†P. scotti Schlosser, 1902 [Iberomeryx matsoui; Cryptomeryx matsoui]
†Pseudoceras
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Dawson, M. R. & Harington, C. R., 2007: Boreameryx, an unusual new artiodactyl (Mammalia) from the Pliocene of Arctic Canada and endemim in Arctic fossil mammals.
–Canadian Journal of Earth Sciencies: Vol. 44, #5, pp. 585-592 [doi: 10.1139/E06-111] - Guo, J., Dawson, M. R. & Beard, K. C., 2000: Zhailimeryx, A New Lophiomerycid Artiodactyl (Mammalia) from the Late Middle Eocene of Central China and the Early Evolution of Ruminants.
–Journal of Mammalian Evolution: Vol. 7, #4, pp. 239-258 - Janis, C. M., 1987: Grades and clades in hornless ruminant evolution: The reality of the Gelocidae and the systematic position of Lophiomeryx and Bachitherium.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 7, #2, pp. 200-216 - Mazza, P. P. A. & Rustioni, M., 2011: Five new species of Hoplitomeryx from the Neogene of Abruzzo and Apulia (central and southern Italy) with revision of the genus and of Hoplitomeryx matthei Leinders, 1983.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 163, #4, pp. 1304-1333 [doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00737.x] - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Métais, G., Antoine, P.-O., Marivaux, L., Welcomme, J.-L. & Ducrocq, S., 2003: New artiodactyl ruminant mammal from the Late Oligocene of Pakistan.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 48, #3, pp. 375-382 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Vislobokova, I. & Daxner-Höck, G., 2002: Oligocene-Early Miocene ruminants from the Valley of Lakes (Central Mongolia).
–Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien: Vol. 103 A, pp. 213-235