Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

†Anomodonta – dicynodonts and relatives

After Chinsamy & Rubidge 1993, Modesto & Rubidge, 2000, Liu, Rubidge & Li, 2009, and Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias & Bueno, 2011

Alternative phylogeny after Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias & Bueno, 2011

Alternative phylogeny after Cox, 1998

Alternative phylogeny after Chinsamy & Rubidge, 1993

<==o †Anomodontia Owen, 1860 (non 1859?)
   |-- †Biseridens qilianicus Li & Cheng, 1997 [Biseridensidae Li & Cheng, 1997]
   `--+--o †Anomocephaloidea Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias & Bueno, 2011
      |  |-- †Anomocephalus africanus Modesto, Rubidge & Welman, 1999
      |  `-- †Tiarajudens eccentricus Cisneros, Abdala, Rubidge, Dentzien-Dias & Bueno, 2011
      `--+--o †Venyukovioidea Efremov, 1940c sensu Watson & Romer, 1956, and Kammerer & Angielczyk, 2009 [Venyukoviamorpha; Venjukoviamorpha (unjust. emend.)]
         |  `--o †Venyukoviidae Efremov, 1940c [incl. Otsheriinae Tchudinov, 1960; Ulemicidae Ivakhnenko, 1996]
         |     |?- †Venjukovia prima Amalitskii (Amalitzky), 1922 [Myctosuchus Efremov, 1937, Venjukovia invisa Efremov, 1940]
         |     |-- †Otsheria netzvetajevi Tchudinov, 1960
         |     `--+-- †Suminia getmanovi Ivakhnenko, 1994
         |        `--o †Ulemica
         |           |-- †U. invisa (Efremov, 1940?) [Venjukovia invisa Efremov, 1940?]
         |           `-- †U. efremovi
         `--o †Chainosauria Nopcsa, 1923 sensu Kammerer & Angielczyk, 2009
            |-- †Patranomodon nyaphulii Rubidge & Hopson, 1990
            `--+--o †“Dromasauria”
               |  `--o †Galeopidae Broom, 1912 [Galeopsidae, Galechiridae Broom, 1912 (non King, 1988)]
               |     |-- †Galechirus scholtzi Broom, 1907
               |     |-- †Galeops whaitsi Broom, 1912
               |     `-- †Galepus jouberti Broom, 1910
               `-- †Dicynodontia Owen, 1860 (non 1859?) sensu Modesto, Rubidge & Welman, 1999 (from Modesto & Rubidge, 2000)

Alternative phylogenies of Anomodontia:

<==o †Anomodontia
   |-- †Biseridens
   `--+--o †Anomocephaloidea
      |  |-- †Anomocephalus
      |  `-- †Tiarajudens
      `--+-- †Galechirus
         |--o †Venyukovioidea
         |  |-- †Otsheria
         |  `--+-- †Suminia
         |     `-- †Ulemica
         `--+-- †Patranomodon
            `--+-- †Galeops
               `-- †Dicynodontia

<==o †Anomodontia
   |?- †Anomocephalus
   |?- †Patranomodon
   |?-o †Venyukoviamorpha
   |  `--o †Venyukoviidae
   |     |?- †Venjukovia
   |     |-- †Otsheria
   |     `--+-- †Ulemica
   |        `-- †Suminia
   |?-o †Dromasauria
   |  `--o †Galeopidae
   |     |-- †Galechirus scholtzi
   |     |-- †Galeops whaitsi
   |     `-- †Galepus jouberti
   `-- †Dicynodontia

<==o †Anomodontia
   |?- †Anomocephalus
   |?- †Patranomodon
   `--o †Dicynodontia
      |--o †Venyukoviamorpha
      |  `--o †Venyukoviidae
      |     |?- †Venjukovia
      |     |-- †Otsheria
      |     `--+-- †Ulemica
      |        `-- †Suminia
      `--+--o †Dromasauria
         |  `--o †Galeopidae
         |     |-- †Galechirus
         |     |-- †Galeops
         |     `-- †Galepus
         `-- †Dicynodontia

Reference(s):

• Battail, B. & Surkov, M. V., 2000: Mammal-like reptiles from Russia. 86-119
  in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
  –Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, xxxix-696
• Chinsamy, A. & Rubidge, B. S. 1993: Dicynodont(Therapsida) bone histology: Phylogenetic and physiological implications.
  –Paleontologica Africana: Vol. 30, pp. 97-102, 1993.
• Cisneros, J. C., Abdala, F., Rubidge, B. S., Dentzien-Dias, P. C. & Bueno, A. d. O., 2011: Dental Occlusion in a 260-Million-Year-Old Therapsid with Saber Canines from the Permian of Brazil.
  –Science: Vol. 331, #6024, pp. 1603-1605 [doi: 10.1126/science.1200305]
• Cox, C. B., 1998: The jaw function and adaptive radiation of the dicynodont mammal-like reptiles of the Karoo basin of South Africa.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol 122, #1-2, pp. 349-384
• Kammerer, C. F. & Angielczyk, K. D., 2009: A proposed higher taxonomy of anomodont therapsids.
  –Zootaxa: #2018, pp. 1-24
• Liu, J., Rubidge, B. S. & Li, J., 2009: A new specimen of biseridens qilianicus indicates its phylogenetic position as the most basal anomodont.
  –Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 277, #1, pp. 285-292 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0883]
• Modesto, S. & Rubidge, B. S., 2000: A basal anomodont therapsid from the Lower Baufort Group, Upper Permian of South Africa.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vo. 20, #3, pp. 515-521
• Rubidge, B. S. & Hopson, J. A., 1996: A primitive anomodont therapsid from the base of the Beaumont Group (Upper Permian) of South Africa.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 117, pp. 115-139
• Rybczynski, N., 2000: Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of Suminia getmanovi, a basal anomodont (Amniota: Therapsida) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 130, #3, pp. 329-373 [doi: DOI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb01634.x]

Special thanks to:

Jos H. M. Dols, for gathering additional information and species of these animals.