After Lloyd, Wang & Brusatte, 2012

Note: “Ceratodiformes” = The least inclusive clade containing †Ceratodus latissimus Agassiz, Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft), Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger and Protopterus annectens Owen.

<==o Ceratodiformes [incl. Lepidosireniformes; Ceratodontoidei Vorobyeva & Obruchev, 1964; Ceratodontidae Gill, 1872 sensu Carroll, 1988] (modern lungfishes; nykykeuhkokalat l. australiankeuhkokalat & siimaeväkeuhkokalat)
   |--+-- †Parasagenodus sibiricus Vorobyeva, 1972
   |  `--+--o †Archaeoceratodus Kemp, 1997b
   |     |  |-- †A. avus (Woodward, 1906)
   |     |  |-- †A. djelleh (Kemp, 1982) [Neoceratodus djelleh Kemp, 1982]
   |     |  |-- †A. theganus Kemp, 1997b
   |     |  `-- †A. rowleyi Kemp, 1997b
   |     `--o †Ceratodontidae Gill, 1872 sensu Kemp, 1997
   |        |--o †Metaceratodus (Chapman, 1914) Schultze, 1992 [Ceratodus (Metaceratodus) Chapman, 1914] Aust.
   |        |  |-- †M. wollastoni Kemp, 1997a [type]
   |        |  |-- †M. ellioti Kemp, 1997
   |        |  |-- †M. palmeri (Krefft, 1874) Kemp, 1997 [Ceratodus palmeri Krefft, 1874; Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft, 1870) de Vis, 1884; Epiceratodus palmeri (Krefft, 1874) Hills, 1934]
   |        |  |-- †M. bonei Kemp, 1997
   |        |  |-- †M. kaopen (Apesteguía, Agnolin & Claeson, 2007) Cione & Gouiric-Cavalli, 2012 [Ceratodus kaopen Apesteguía, Agnolin & Claeson, 2007; Ceratodus kaopen Agnolin, 2010; M. kaopen Cione & Gouiric-Cavalli, 2012]
   |        |  `-- †M. wichmanni (Apesteguía, Agnolin & Claeson, 2007) Cione & Gouiric-Cavalli, 2012 [Ceratodus iheringi Ameghino, 1898 (in partim); Ceratodus sp. Wichmann, 1927; Ceratodus iheringi Pascual & Bondesio, 1976; ‘Ceratodusiheringi Cione, 1987; ‘Ptychoceratodusiheringi Arratia & Cione, 1996; Ceratodus sp. González-Riga, 1999; Ptychoceratodus wichmanni Apesteguía, Agnolin & Claeson, 2007; Ptychoceratodus cionei Apesteguía, Agnolin & Claeson, 2007; Ferganoceratodus wichmanni Agnolin, 2010; Metaceratodus wichmanni Cione & Gouiric-Cavalli, 2012]
   |        `--+-- †Grossipterus crassus (Gross, 1933) Vorobyeva & Obruchev, 1964 [Dipterus crassus Gross, 1933]
   |           `--o †Ceratodus Agassiz, 1838 [Hemictenodus; Metaceratodus; Tellerodus Lehman, 1975; Scropha] L. Trias. U. Jur. Eu. L. Trias. L. Cret. As. L. Trias. U. Cret. Mad. NA. Aus. L. Trias. Paleoc. Af. L. Trias. Spits.
   |              `-- †C. latissimus Agassiz, 1838 [C. bicornis Agassiz, 1838-44] [type]
   `--+--o †Gnathorhiza Cope, 1883; Penn. L. Perm. NA. U. Perm. Eu. [Gnathorhizidae Miles, 1977]
      |  |?- †G. flavosus (Cope, 1884) [Proceratodus flavosus]
      |  |-- †G. serrata Cope, 1883
      |  |-- †G. dikeloda Olson, 1951
      |  `-- †G. noblensis Olson & Daly, 1972
      `--+--+-- †Microceratodus angolensis (Texeira, 1947) Teixeira, 1954 [Ceratodus angolensis] Trias. NAf. L.Trias. Mad.
         |  `--+-- †Aphelodus anapes Kemp, 1993
         |     `--+-- †Palaeophichthys parvulus (a terrasiiform?)
         |        `--+--o †Ptychoceratodus Jaekel, 1926 [Ceratodus (in partim)]; U.Trias. Eu. [Ptychoceratodontidae Martin, 1982b]
         |           |  |?- †P. philippsi
         |           |  |?- †P. rectangulus
         |           |  `-- †P. serratus (Agassiz, 1838) [Ceratodus serratus Agassiz, 1838]
         |           `--+-- †Paraceratodus germaini Lehman, Chateau, Laurain & Nauche, 1959; L. Trias. Mad.
         |              `--+--o †Ferganoceratodus Kaznyshkin & Nessov, 1985; U.Jur. SEAs.
         |                 |  |-- †F. szechuanensis
         |                 |  `-- †F. martini Cavin, Suteethorn, Buffetaut & Tong, 2007
         |                 `--o †Arganodus Martin, 1979; U.Trias. NAf.
         |                    |-- †A. atlanticus Martin, 1979 [Asiatoceratodus atlantis Kemp, 1998]
         |                    `-- †A. tiguidensis [Ceratodus tiguidiensis]
         `--+-- †Beltanodus ambilobensis (Beltan, 1968) Schultze, 1981
            `--+-- †Namatozodia pitikanta Kemp, 1993; Trias. Aust.
               `--+-- †Ariguna formosa (Wade, 1935) Kemp, 1994 [= Ceratodus formosus Wade, 1935; Tellerodus formosus Martin, 1982b; Ceratodus formosus Kemp, 1991; Ceratodus formosa Lloyd, Wang & Brusatte, 2012]
                  `--+-- †Tellerodus sturii (Teller, 1891) Lehman, 1975 [Ceratodus sturii Teller, 1891]
                     `--+--+-- †Gosfordia truncata Woodward, 1890; L. Trias. Aus.
                        |  `-- †Asiatoceratodus sharovi Vorobyeva, 1967 [Asiatoceratodontidae Vorobyeva, 1967]
                        `==o Neoceratodontidae Miles, 1977 [Ceratodidae]
                           |?- †Equinoxiodus alcantarensis Toledo, de Sousa, Medeiros & Bertini, 2011; U.Cret. NESAm.
                           |--o Neoceratodus de Castelnau, 1876 [Epiceratodus; ?Ompax] U.Cret.-R. Aust. (australiankeuhkokalat)
                           |  |-- †N. nargun (Kemp, 1983) Kemp, 1997b [Ceratodus nargun Kemp, 1983] U.Cret. SEAust.
                           |  |-- †N. denticulatus (Agassiz) ?Eoc. NEAust.
                           |  |-- †N. eyrensis (White, 1925) Kemp, 1997b [Epiceratodus eyrensis White, 1925]
                           |  |-- †N. djelleh Kemp, 1982
                           |  `-- N. forsteri (Krefft, 1870) [Ceratodus forsteri Krefft, 1870] (Australian lungfish; australiankeuhkokala)
                           `--+--o †Mioceratodus Kemp, 1992; U. Olig. L. Mioc. Aus.
                              |  |-- †M. anemosyrus Kemp, 1992
                              |  |-- †M. gregoryi (White, 1925) ["Epiceratodus" gregoryi White, 1925; Neoceratodus gregoryi (White, 1925)]
                              |  |-- †M. diaphorus Kemp, 1997b
                              |  `-- †M. poastrus Kemp, 1997b
                              `--o Lepidosireniformes Berg, 1940 sensu Longrich, 2017
                                 |?- †Retodus tuberculatus (Tabaste, 1963) Churcher, De Iuliis & Kleindienst, 2006 [Ceratodus tuberculatus Tabaste, 1963, Cappetta 1972, Kemp 1997, Lehman 1966, Martin 1984b, Schultze 1992; Neoceratodus tuberculatus (Tabaste) Martin 1982a, 1982b, Schaal 1984, Churcher & De Iuliis, 2001; “Neoceratodus tuberculatus” (Tabaste) Churcher 1999] U. Cret. NAf.
                                 |?- †“Neoceratodusafricanus
                                 |?-o †Lavocatodidae Longrich, 2017
                                 |  |-- †?Ceratodus diutinus Kemp, 1993
                                 |  |-- †Lavocatodus? sp. [Kem Kem]
                                 |  |-- †Lavocatodus protopteroides (Tabaste, 1963) Claeson, Sallam, O'Connor & Sertich, 2014 [“Ceratodus” protopteroides Tabaste, 1963; “Protopterus” protopteroides (Tabaste); Lavocatodus? protopteroides Longrich, 2017]
                                 |  |-- †Lavocatodus humei (Priem, 1914) Claeson, Sallam, O'Connor & Sertich, 2014 [Ceratodus? humei Priem, 1914; “Protopterus” humei (Priem, 1914); Lavocatodus? humei Longrich, 2017]
                                 |  `--+-- †Lavocatodus giganteus Martin, 1995
                                 |     `-- †Xenoceratodus labyrinthus Longrich, 2017; Eoc. NAf.
                                 `--o Lepidosirenidae Bonaparte, 1841 [non Woodward, 1891][incl. Protopteridae] (siimaeväkeuhkokalat; Aestivating lungfishes)
                                    |-- †Lepidosiren? sp. [Fajum]
                                    |-- †Protopterus? sp. [Adrar Mgom]
                                    |-- †Protopterus? elongus
                                    |-- †Protopterus? sp. [Dur at Talah]
                                    |-- †Protopterus? nigeriensis Martin, 1997
                                    |-- Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger, 1837 [Amphibichthys] Mioc. R. SA. [Lepidosirenidae] (eteläamerikankeuhkokalat; South American lungfish)
                                    `--o Protopterus Owen, 1839 [Protomalus, Rhinocryptis] U.Cret. Eoc. R. Af. [Protopteridae] (afrikankeuhkokalat)
                                       |-- †P. sp. [Fayum]
                                       |-- †P. regulatus
                                       |-- †P. crassidens Churcher & de Iuliis, 2001
                                       |--o P. aethiopicus Heckel, 1851 (ethiopiankeuhkokala)
                                       |  |-- P. a. aethiopicus Heckel, 1851 (Marbled lungfish)
                                       |  |-- P. a. congicus Poll, 1961
                                       |  `-- P. a. mesmaekersi Poll, 1961
                                       |-- P. amphibius (Peters, 1844) (sambesinkeuhkokala; Gilled lungfish)
                                       |--o P. annectens Owen, 1839 (afrikankeuhkokala)
                                       |  |-- P. a. annectens (Owen, 1839) (West African lungfish)
                                       |  `-- P. a. brieni Poll, 1961 (Southern lungfish)
                                       `-- P. dolloi Boulenger, 1900 (kongonkeuhkokala; Slender lungfish)

Ceratodiformes incertae sedis:

Atlantoceratodus patagonicus Agnolin, 2010
    †Chaoceratodus portezuelensis Apesteguía et al. 2007
    †Potamoceratodus guentheri (Marsh, 1878) Pardo, Huttenlocker, Small & Gorman, 2010 [Ceratodus guentheri Marsh, 1878]
    †Ceratodus Agassiz, 1838 [Hemictenodus; Metaceratodus; Tellerodus Lehman, 1975; Scropha] L. Trias. U. Jur. Eu. L. Trias. L. Cret. As. L. Trias. U. Cret. Mad. NA. Aus. L. Trias. Paleoc. Af. L. Trias. Spits.
        †C. acutusC. africanus [Neoceratodus africanus sensu Churcher & de Iuliis, 2001, incl. C. pectinatus Tabaste, 1963; C. brasiliensis de Sousa Cunha & Simoes Ferreira, 1980]
        †C. altusC. americanusC. arganensisC. argentinus Apesteguía et al. 2007
        †C. bovisriviC. capensisC. concinnusC. crosbiensisC. cruciferusC. curvusC. daedaleusC. disaurisC. donensisC. emarginatusC. eruciferusC. felchiC. frazieriC. gibbusC. gustasoniC. heshanggouensisC. heteromorphusC. hieroglyphusC. hislopianusC. hunterianus
        ?†C. iheringiC. kaupii [Ceratodus kaupi]
        †C. nageshwaraiC. obtususC. ornatusC. parvusC. planasperC. planusC. rectangularisC. robustusC. rucinatusC. szechuanensisC. vinsloviiC. virapa

After Long, 1995, Cloutier & Ahlberg, 1996, and Kemp, 1998

<==o ?Ceratodiformes
   |?- †Arganodus
   |?- †Gosfordia
   |?- †Ferganoceratodus
   |?- †Microceratodus
   |?- †Paraceratodus
   |--o Ceratodiformes sensu stricto??
   |  |?-o †Asiatoceratodontidae
   |  |  `--o †Asiatoceratodus
   |  |     |-- †A. sharovi
   |  |     `-- †A. atlantis
   |  `--+?-o †Ptychoceratodontidae
   |     |  `--o †Ptychoceratodus
   |     |     |?- †P. philippsi
   |     |     |?- †P. rectangulus
   |     |     `-- †P. serratus
   |     `--+?-o Ceratodontidae Gill, 1872
   |        |  `--o Ceratodontinae Gill, 1872
   |        |     |?- †“Ceratodus” africanus
   |        |     |-- †Retodus tuberculatus
   |        |     |--o †Ceratodus
   |        |     |  |-- †C. latissimus
   |        |     |  |-- †C. nargun
   |        |     |  |-- †C. humei
   |        |     |  |-- †C. sturii
   |        |     |  |?- †D. diutinus
   |        |     |  `?- †C. iheringi
   |        |     `--o †Metaceratodus
   |        |        |-- †M. wollastoni
   |        |        |-- †M. ellioti
   |        |        |-- †M. palmeri
   |        |        `-- †M. bonei
   |        `--o Neoceratodontidae
   |           |--o †Mioceratodus
   |           |  |-- †M. anemosyrus
   |           |  `-- †M. gregoryi
   |           `--o Neoceratodus
   |              |-- †N. denticulatus
   |              |-- †N. eyrensis
   |              `-- N. forsteri
   `--o Lepidosireniformes
      |?-o †Gnathorhizidae
      |  |?- †Palaeophichthys (a terrasiiform?)
      |  `--o †Gnathorhiza
      |     |-- †G. flavosus
      |     `-- †G. dikeloda
      `--o Lepidosirenidae
         |-- Lepidosiren paradoxa
         `--o Protopterus
            |-- †P. regulatus
            |-- †P. protopteroides
            |-- †P. crassidens
            |-- P. aethiopicus
            |-- P. amphibius
            |-- P. annectens
            `-- P. dolloi

Reference(s):