Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Testudinata – turtles, tortoises and terrapins.

After Meylan & Ganko, 1988 [from Meylan & Ganko, 1997 and Meylan, 2001] and Anquetin, Barrett, Jones, Moore-Fay & Evans, 2009 (fig. 3d)

<==o Chelonia Macartney, 1802 (turtles; kilpikonnat) [alternative phylogenetic position after Rieppel & deBraga, 1996]
   |-- †Odontochelys semitestacea Li, Wu, Rieppel, Wang & Zhao, 2008; L.Trias. SAs.
   `--+-- †Australochelys africanus Gaffney & Kitching, 1994 [Australochelidae sensu Lee, 1997]
      `--o Rhaptochelydia Gaffney & Kitching, 1994 [Testudines Linnaeus, 1758 [non Batsch, 1788] sensu Lee, 1996]
         |-- †Chinlechelys tenertesta Joyce, Lucas, Scheyer, Heckert & Hunt, 2009; L.Trias. WNAm.
         |-- †Proganochelys quenstedtii Baur, 1887; L.Trias. CEu. [Chelytherium; Psammochelys; Stegochelys; Triassochelys] [Proganochelydia: Proganochelyidae]
         `--+?- †Palaeochersis talampayensis
            |?- †Condorchelys antiqua Sterli, 2008; ?M.-?L.Jur., SSAm.
            |?-+-- †Eileanchelys waldmanni Anquetin, Barrett, Jones, Moore-Fay & Evans, 2009; M.Jur. WEu.
            |  `-- †Hackerochelys romani
            `--o Casichelyidia Gaffney, 1975 [Testudinata Klein, 1760 (non Linnaeus, 1758) sensu Lee, 1997] (recent turtles; nykykilpikonnat)
               |-- Pleurodira Cope, 1864 (fide Gaffney & Maylan, 1988) [Panpleurodira] (side-necked turtles; sivutaivuttajat)
               `-- Cryptodira Dumeril & Bibron, 1835 [non Cope, 1871] [Pancryptodira] (cryptodires; pystytaivuttajat)

Testudinata incertae sedis:

        †Chitracephalus dumonii Dollo, 1884
        †Neusticemys neuquina Fernandez & De La Fuente,, 1988
        †Scutemys appalanata Wiman, 1930 [Scutemys tecta Wiman, 1930]
    †Chelycarapookidae Warren, 1969
        †Chelycarapookus arcuatus Warren, 1969

Alternative phylogenies of basal turtles:

<==o Chelonia
   |--o †Australochelidae
   |  `-- †Australochelys
   `--o Rhaptochelydia Gaffney & Kitching, 1994
      |--o †Proganochelydia
      |  `--o †Proganochelyidae
      |     `-- †Proganochelys
      `--o Casichelyidia Gaffney, 1975
         |-- Pleurodira
         `-- Cryptodira

<==o Testudinata
   |-- †Proganochelys [Proganchelys Sterli, 2008 (lapsus calami)]
   `--+--+-- †Palaeochersis
      |  `-- †Australochelys
      `--+-- †Proterochersis
         `--+-- †Kayentachelys
            |-- †Condorchelys
            |-- †Indochelys
            `--+-- †Heckerochelys
               `--+--+-- †Mongolochelys
                  |  `-- †Meiolania
                  `--+-- †Kallokibotion
                     `-- Testudines

<==o Testudinata
   |-- †Odontochelys
   `--+-- †Proganochelys
      `--+-- †Palaeochersis
         |-- †Proterochersis
         `-- Testudines

<==o Testudinata
   |-- †Proganochelys
   `--+-- †Palaeochersis
      `--+-- †Australochelys
         `--+-- †Proterochersis
            `--+-- †Kayentachelys
               `--+?- †Condorchelys antiqua
                  |--+-- †Eileanchelys
                  |  `-- †Heckerochelys
                  `--+--+-- †Mongolochelys
                     |  `-- †Meiolania
                     `--+-- †Kallokibotion
                        `-- Testudines

<==o  Testudinata
   |-- †Chinlechelys
   |-- †Proganochelys
   `--+-- †Palaeochersis
      |-- †Australochelys
      `--+-- †Proterochersis
         `--+-- †Kayentachelys
            `--+-- †Mongolochelys
               `-- Testudines

Reference(s):

• Anquetin, J., Barrett, P. M., Jones, M. E. H., Moore-Fay, S. & Evans, S. E., 2009: A new stem turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland: new insights into the evolution and palaeoecology of basal turtles.
  –Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 276, pp. 879-886 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1429]
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Joyce, W. G., Lucas, S. G., Scheyer, T. M., Heckert, A. B. & Hunt, A. P., 2009: A thin-shelled reptile from the Late Triassic of North America and the origin of the turtle shell.
  –Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological series: Vol. 276, pp. 507-513 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1196]
• Lee, M. S. Y., 1993: The origin of the turtle body plan: Bridging a famous morphological gap.
  –Science: Vol. 261, 24 September, 1716-1720
• Lee, M. S. Y., 1996: Correlated progression and the origin of turtles.
  –Nature: Vol. 379, 29 February, pp. 812-815
• Lee, M. S. Y., 1997: Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 120, pp. 197-280
• Li, C., Wu, X.-C., Rieppel, O. C., Wang, L.-T. & Zhao, L.-J., 2008: An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China.
  –Nature: Vol. 456, pp. 497-501 [doi: 10.1038/nature07533]
• Meylan, P. A., 2001–: Testudines – Turtles, tortoises and terrapins.
  –iNet: The Tree of Life Project: http://www.tolweb.org/tree?group=Testudines&contgroup=Amniota
• Meylan, P. A. & Ganko, E., 1997: Higher Relationships of Testunides – The extinct and living turtles.
  –iNet: The Tree of Life Project: [not available]
• Meylan, P. A. & Ganko, E., 1997: †Kayentachelys.
  –iNet: The Tree of Life Project: [not available]
• Sterli, J., 2008: A new, nearly complete stem turtle from the Jurassic of South America with implications for turtle evolution.
  –Biology Letters: Vol. 2008, #4, pp. 286-289 [doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0022]
• Sukhanov, V. R., 2000: Mesozoic turtles of Middle and Central Asia. 309-367
  in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
  –Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, xxxix-696