After Szyndlar, 1987, and Lawson, Noonan & Ustach, 2001, with Recent species from Uetz, Etzold. & Chenna, 1995-2000 [“The TIGR Reptile Database ” (former EMBL Reptile Database)]
<==o Viperinae Oppel, 1811 (vipers and adders; kyykäärmeet) |-- Adenorhinos barbouri |--o Atheris (puukyyt) [11] | |?- A. acuminata | |?- A. anisolepis | |?- A. katangensis | |-- A. chlorechis | `--+--+-- A. desaixi | | `--+-- A. ceratophora | | `--+-- A. nitschei | | `-- A. rungweensis | `--+-- A. hispida | `--+-- A. broadleyi | `--+-- A. subocularis Fischer, 1888 [A. suborbitalis lapsus calami; A. squamigera (Hallowell) Boulenger, 1896] | `-- A. squamigera (Hallowell, 1856) [Echis squamigera Hallowell, 1856] |--o Bitis [14] | |-- B. arietans | |-- B. atropos | |-- B. caudalis | |-- B. cornuta | |-- B. gabonica (gaboninkyy) | |-- B. heraldica | |-- B. inornata | |?- B. lachesis (puffadderi; puffadder) | |-- B. nasicornis (sarvikuonokyy) | |-- B. parviocula | |-- B. peringueyi | |-- B. rubida | |-- B. schneideri | |-- B. worthingtoni | `-- B. xeropaga |--o Cerastes [3] | |-- C. gasperettii | |-- C. vipera [C. viperalla] | `-- C. cerastes (sarvikyy) |--o Daboia Gray, 1842; Plioc. SWEu.; R. SAs. | |-- †D. maxima Szyndlar, 1988 | `-- D. russelii [Vipera russelii] (ketjukyy) |--o Echis [8] | |-- E. carinatus (efa, pyramidikyy) | |-- E. coloratus | |-- E. hughesi | |-- E. jogeri | |-- E. leucogaster | |-- E. megalocephalus | |-- E. ocellatus | `-- E. pyramidum |-- Eristicophis macmahoni |--o Macrovipera [Vipera] [RDB: 4] | |-- M. deserti | |-- M. mauritanica [Vipera mauritanica] | |-- M. schweizeri | `--+-- M. lebetina [Vipera lebetina] (levantinkyy) | |?- †M. platyspondyla (Szyndlar, 1987) [Vipera platyspondyla Szyndlar, 1987] | `?- M. xanthina [Vipera xanthina] (bosborinkyy) |-- Montatheris hindii (keniankyy) |-- Proatheris superciliaris |--o Pseudocerastes [2] | |-- P. fieldi | `-- P. persicus `--o Vipera Laurenti, 1768 (adders; kyyt) [25] |-- V. albizona |-- V. barani |-- V. bornMülleri |-- V. darevskii |-- V. dinniki |-- V. eriwanensis |-- V. latifii |-- V. lotievi |-- V. monticola |-- V. nikolskii |-- V. palaestinae (palestiinankyy) [a member of genus Macrovipera??] |-- V. pontica |-- V. raddei |-- V. renardi |-- V. sachalinensis |-- V. transcaucasiana |-- V. wagneri |--o (Rhinaspis) [Vipera aspis -group] | |-- †V. (R.) antiqua Szyndlar, 1987 | |-- V. (R.) ammodytes (hietakyy) | |-- V. (R.) aspis (aspiskyy) | `-- V. (R.) latastei (nysäkuonokyy) `--o (Vipera) sensu stricto [Vipera berus -group] |-- V. (V.) berus (kyy; viper) |-- V. (V.) ursinii (kenttäkyy) |-- V. (V.) seoanei `-- V. (V.) kaznakovi
Reference(s):
- Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano 1968. - Lawson, D. P., Noonan, B. P. & Ustach, P. C., 2001: Atheris subocularis (Serpentes: Viperidae) revisited: molecular and morphological evidence for the resurrection of an enigmatic taxon.
–Copeia: Vol. 101, #3, pp. 737-744 - Szyndlar, Z., 1987: Snakes from the Lower Miocene locality of Dolnice (Czechoslovakia).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 7, #1, pp. 55-71 - Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R.,
1995-2000: The Reptile Database [former “EMBL Reptile Database”].
–iNet: http://www.reptile-database.org/