After Wüster & Broadley, 2007, Wüster, Crookes, Ineich, Mané, Pook, Trape & Broadley, 2007, Trape, Chirio, Broadley & Wüster, 2009, and Wallach, Wüster & Broadley, 2009, with some species-information from Uetz, Etzold & Chenna, 1995-2012 [“The Reptile Database” (former EMBL Reptile Database)]
<==o Bungarinae |?-o Bungarus Daudin, 1803 (kraits; kraitet) | |-- B. andamanensis | |--+-- B. bungaroides (Cantor, 1839) (assam krait) | | `-- B. slowinskii Kuch, Kizirian, Truong, Lawson, Donnelly & Mebs, 2005 (Red River krait) | |-- B. caeruleus | |-- B. candidus | |-- B. ceylonicus | |-- B. fasciatus | |-- B. flaviceps | |-- B. lividus | |-- B. magnimaculatus | |-- B. multicinctus | |-- B. niger | `-- B. sindanus |?-o Pseudohaje (Tree Cobras) | |-- P. goldii (Boulenger, 1895) (African Tree Cobra) | `-- P. nigra Günther, 1858 (Black Tree Cobra) |?-o Dendroaspis (mambas; mambat) | |-- D. angusticeps (Smith, 1849) (Green Mamba; vihermamba, vihreä mamba) | |--o D. jamesoni (Traill, 1843) (Jameson's Mamba) | | |-- D. j. jamesoni (Traill 1843) | | `-- D. j. kaimosae Loveridge 1936 | |--o D. polylepis Günther, 1864 (Black Mamba, mustamamba) | | |-- D. p. polylepis (Günther, 1864) | | `-- D. p. antinori (Peters, 1873) | `-- D. viridis (Hallowell, 1844) (Western Green Mamba) |-- Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) (king cobra; kuningaskobra) `--+--o Elapsoidea (Garter Snakes) | |-- E. boulengeri Boettger, 1895 [Elapsoidea semiannulata boulengeri] (Boulenger's Garter Snake) | |-- E. broadleyi Jakobsen, 1997 | |-- E. chelazzii Lanza, 1979 (Somali Garter Snake) | |-- E. guentherii Bocage, 1866 (Günther's Garter Snake) | |-- E. laticincta (Werner, 1919) (Werner's Garter Snake) | |--o E. loveridgei Parker, 1949 (Loveridge's Garter Snake, East African Garter Snake) | | |-- E. l. colleti Laurent, 1956 | | |-- E. l. loveridgei Parker, 1949 | | `-- E. l. multicincta Laurent 1956 | |-- E. nigra Günther, 1888 (Black Garter Snake) | |--o E. semiannulata Bocage, 1882 (Angolan Garter Snake) | | |-- E. s. moebiusi (Werner, 1897) | | ´-- E. s. semiannulata Bocage, 1882 | |--o E. sundevallii (Smith, 1848) | | |-- E. s. decosteri Bulenger, 1888: 141 (De Coster's Garter Snake) | | |-- E. s. fitzsimonsi Loveridge, 1944 (Kalahari Garter Snake) | | |-- E. s. longicauda Broadley, 1971 (Long-tailed Garter Snake) | | |-- E. s. media Broadley, 1971 (Highveld Garter Snake) | | `-- E. s. sundevallii (Smith, 1848) (Sundevall's Garter Snake, African Garter Snake) | `-- E. trapei Mane, 1999 `--+--+--o Walterinnesia Lataste, 1887 | | |-- W. aegyptia Lataste, 1887 (Black Desert Cobra) | | `-- W. morgani (Mocquard, 1905) (Desert Cobra) | `--o Aspidelaps (Coral Snakes; korallikäärmeet) | |--o A. lubricus(Laurenti, 1768) | | |-- A. l. cowlesi Bogert, 1940 [incl. Aspidelaps lubricus infuscatus Mertens, 1954] (Angolan Coral Snake, Western Coral Snake) | | `-- A. l. lubricus (Laurenti, 1768) (Cape Coral Snake) | `--o A. scutatus (Smith, 1849) (Shield-nose Snake) | |-- A. s. fulafula (Bianconi, 1849) (Eastern Shield-nose Snake) | |-- A. s. intermedius Broadley, 1968 (Intermediate Shield-nose Snake) | `-- A. s. scutatus (Smith, 1849) `--+-- Hemachatus haemachatus (Bonnaterre, 1790) (Ring-necked Spitting Cobra; rengaskaulakobra) `--o Naja Laurenti, 1768 [incl. Boulengerina Dollo, 1886; Paranaja Werner, 1902 sensu Wüster et al., 2007] (cobras; kobrat) |?- †N. antiqua Rage, 1976 |?- †N. iberica Szyndlar, 1985 |?- †N. robusta Maylan, 1987 |--o (Naja) Laurenti, 1768 sensu Wallach, Wüster & Broadley, 2009 | |?- †N. (N.) romani Hofstetter, 1939 | |?- N. (N.) oxiana (Eichwald, 1831) [Tomyris oxiana Eichwald, 1831] (Central Asian Cobra; persiankobra) | |-- N. (N.) naja (Linnaeus, 1758) [Coluber naja Linnaeus, 1758; Naja lutescens Laurenti, 1768] (indian cobra; cobra; kobra, silmälasikäärme) | `--+--+-- N. (N.) atra Cantor, 1842 [N. nigra] (Chinese Cobra; kiinankobra) | | `-- N. (N.) kaouthia LESSON, 1831 (Monocled Cobra; monokkelikobra) | `--+?- N. (N.) philippinensis Taylor, 1922 (Philippine Cobra; filippiinienkobra) | |?- N. (N.) samarensis Peters, 1861 (Peters' Cobra; mindanaonkobra) | |?- N. (N.) sagittifera Wall, 1913 (Andaman Cobra; andamaanienkobra) | |?- N. (N.) sumatrana Müller, 1890 (Equatorial Spitting cobra, Golden Spitting Cobra) | |-- N. (N.) mandalayensis Slowinski & Wüster, 2000 (Burmese Cobra; burmankobra) | |-- N. (N.) sputatrix Boie, 1827 (Indonesian Cobra; indonesiasylkeväkobra) | `-- N. (N.) siamensis Laurenti, 1768 (Indo-Chinese Spitting Cobra; indokiinansylkeväkobra) `--+--o (Afronaja) Wallach, Wüster & Broadley, 2009 [N. nigricollis-group] | |--+-- N. nubiae Wüster & Broadley, 2003 (Nubian Spitting Cobra; nuubiansylkeväkobra) | | `-- N. pallida Boulenger, 1896 (African Cobra, Red Spitting Cobra; punasylkeväkobra) | `--+-- N. katiensis Angel, 1922 (Mali Cobra, Katian Spitting Cobra; ruskeasylkeväkobra) | `--+-- N. nigricollis Reinhardt, 1843 (Black-necked spitting cobra; mustakaulakobra) | `--+-- N. ashei Wüster & Broadley, 2007 [H. sp. cf. nigricollis “brown”] (Ashe's spitting cobra; itäafrikansylkeväkobra) | `--+-- N. mossambica Peters, 1854 (Mozambique Spitting Cobra; mosambikinsylkeväkobra | `--o N. nigricincta Bogert, 1940 [N. nigricollis nigricincta Bogert, 1940] (Western Barred Spitting Cobra) | |-- N. n. nigricincta Bogert, 1940 | `-- N. n. woodi Pringle, 1955 [N. nigricollis woodi Pringle 1955] | `--+--o (Ureaus) Wagler, 1830 sensu Wallach, Wüster & Broadley, 2009 | |-- N. (U.) nivea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cape Cobra; viherkobra) | `--+-- N. (U.) senegalensis Trape, Chirio & Wüster, 2009 | |--+-- N. (U.) anchietae Bocage, 1879 (Anchieta's Cobra) | | `-- N. (U.) annulifera Peters, 1854 (Snouted Cobra, Banded Cobra; juovakuonokobra) | `--+-- N. (U.) arabica Scortecci, 1932 [N. haje arabica (Scortecci, 1932)] (Arabian Cobra; arabiankobra) | `--o N. (U.) haje (Linnaeus, 1758) [Coluber haje Linnaeus, 1758] (Egyptian Cobra; egyptinkobra) | |-- N. (U.) h. haje (Linnaeus, 1758) | `-- N. (U.) h. legionis Valvarde, 1989 `--o (Boulengerina) Dollo, 1886 sensu Wallach, Wüster & Broadley, 2009 [incl. Limnonaja Schmidt, 1923; Paranaja Loveridge, 1944] |--o N. (B.) multifasciata (Werner, 1902) [Paranaja multifasciata] (Many-banded Cobra Burrowing Cobra) | |-- N. (B.) m. anomala Sternfeld, 1917 | |-- N. (B.) m. duttoni (Boulenger, 1904) | `-- N. (B.) m. multifasciata (Werner, 1902) `--+-- N. (B.) melanoleuca Hallowell, 1857 (Forest Cobra, Black and White Cobra; mustahuulikobra) `--+?- N. (B.) christyi (Boulenger, 1904) [Boulengerina christyi Boulenger, 1904; Limnonaja christyi (Boulenger) Schmidt, 1923] (Christy's Water Cobra) `--o N. (B.) annulata Buchholz & Peters, in Peters, 1876 [Naja annulataBuchholz & Peters, in Peters, 1876] (Ringed Water Cobra) |-- N. (B.) a. annulata Buchholz & Peters, in Peters, 1876 `-- N. (B.) a. stormsi (Dollo, 1886) [Boulengerina stormsi Dollo, 1886]
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Harding,K.A. & Welch, K.R.G., 1980: Venomous Snakes of the World - A Checklist.
–Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980 - Kuch, U., Kizirian, D., Truong, H. Q., Lawson, R., Donnelly, M. A. & Mebs, D., 2005: A new species of krait (Squamata: Elapidae) from the red River System of northern Vietnam.
–Copeia: Vol. 2005 [105], #4, pp. 818-833 - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Trape, J.-F., Chirio, L., Broadley, D. G. & Wüster, W., 2009: Phylogeography and systematic revision of the Egyptian cobra (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja haje) species complex, with the description of a new species from West Africa. –Zootaxa: #2236, pp. 1-26
- Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R., 1995-2012: The Reptile Database [former “EMBL Reptile Database”.].
–iNet: http://www.reptile-database.org/ - Wallach, V., Wüster, W. & Broadley, D. G., 2009: In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae). –Zootaxa: #2236, pp. 26-36
- Wüster, W. & Broadley, D. G., 2007: Get an eyeful of this: a new species of giant spitting cobra from eastern and north-eastern Africa (Squamata: Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja).
–Zootaxa: #1532, pp. 51-68 - Wüster, W., Crookes, S., Ineich, I., Mané, Y., Pook, C. E., Trape, J.-F. & Broadley, D. G., 2007: The phylogeny of cobras inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences: Evolution of venom spitting and the phylogeography of the African spitting cobras (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja nigricollis complex).
–Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Vol. 45, #2, pp. 437-453 [doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.021]