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An alternative [older] taxonomy of conodonts.
<==o †Conodonta Pander, 1856 non? Eichenberg, 1930 [Conodontochordata; Conodontida] (konodontit; conodonts) |-- †Paraconodontida `--+--o †Caviodonti | `-- †Protoconodontida `--o †Conodonti Pander, 1856 [non Branson, 1938] |-- †Teridontus `--+-- †Protopanderodontida `--o †Prioniodontida Dzik, 1976 [non Sweet, 1988] [Prioniodontacea] |--o †Rossodus | `-- †R. barnesi `--+-- †Multioistodontidae `--o †Oistodontidae |--o †Periodontidae | `--o †Periodon | |-- †P. aculeatus | |-- †P. gladysi | `-- †P. flabellum `--+--o †Rhipidognathidae Lindström, 1970 sensu Sweet, 1988 | |?- †Trincodus palaris Bauer, 1987 | |-- †Appalachignathus delicatulus Bergström, Carnes, Ethington, Votaw & Wigley, 1974 | |--o †Bergstroemognathus Serpagli, 1974, E. Ord. NA. SA. EAs. SAs. Aust. | | |-- †B. extensus (Graves & Ellison, 1941) Serpagli, 1974, [Oistodon extensus Graves & Ellison, 1941] | | |-- †B. hubeiensis An, in An, Chen & Li, 1981 | | |-- †B. pectiniformis Yang & Zhang, in An et al., 1983 | | `-- †B. kirki Stait & Druce, 1993 | `--o †Rhipidognathus Branson, Mehl & Branson, 1951 | |?- †R. yichengensis (Ni, 1981) [Honghuayuangnathus yichengensis Ni, 1981, incl. Honghuayuangnathus hubeienis Ni, 1981] | |?- †R. paucidentata Palmieri, 1979 | `-- †R. symmetrica Branson, Mehl & Branson, 1951 `--+--o †Prioniodontidae Bassler, 1925 | |--o †Prioniodus Pander, 1856 | | `-- †P. elegas Pander, 1856 | |--o †Reutterodus Serpagli, 1974 | | `-- †R. andinus Serpagli, 1974 | `--o †Stiptognathus Ethington, Lehnert & Repetski, 2000 | `-- †S. borealis (Repetski, 1982) [Reutterodus borealis Repetski, 1982] `--+--+== †Balognathidae [paraphyletic] | |-- †Polyplacognathidae | `--+--o †Distomodontidae | | `--o †Distomodus | | `-- †D. staurognathoides | `--+--o †Icriodellidae | | `--o Icriodella | | `-- I. deflecta Aldridge, 1972 | `--o †Icriodontidae Müller & Müller, 1957 | `--o †Icriodus Branson & Mehl, 1938 | |-- †I. expansus Branson & Mehl, 1938 | `--o †I. alternatus (Branson & Mehl, 1934) | |-- †I. a. alternatus (Branson & Mehl, 1934) | `-- †I. a. helmsi Sandberg & Dreesen, 1984 `--+-- Cyrtoniodontidae `--+?- †Prioniodinida Sweet, 1988 [Prioniodinacea] `--+==o Plectodinidae [paraphyletic] | |--o †Aphelognathus Branson, Mehl & Branson, 1951 | | |-- †A. kimmswickensis | | |-- †A. gigas Sweet, 1983 | | |-- †A. sp. cf. A. gigas Sweet, 1983 | |--o Plectodina Stauffer, 1935a | | |-- †P. florida | | |-- †P. aculeata (Stauffer, 1930) Sweet, 1981e | | |-- †P. edentula Bauer, 1994 | | `-- †P. tenuis (Branson & Mehl, 1933b) | `--o †Baltoniodus Lindström, 1971 | |-- †B. navis Lindström, 1970 | |-- †B. alobatus (Bergström, 1971) Lindström, 1977 [Prioniodus alobatus Bergström, 1971] | |-- †B. variabilis (Bergström, 1962) Lindström, 1977 [Prioniodus variabilis Bergström, 1962] | |-- †B. parvidentatus | |-- †B. medius | |-- †B. minutus McTavish, 1973 | `-- †B. oepiki McTavish, 1973 `-- †OZARKODINIDA Dzik, 1976 Taxa not recognized by Sweet & Donoghue, 2001: †WESTERGAARDODINIDA †Westergaardodinidae †DISTACODONTACEA †Distacodontidae †BRYANTODONTACEA †Bryantodontidae †POLYGNATHACEA †Pseudopolygnathidae Conodont-species listed, without family-connection:
Albanesi, G. L. & Barnes, C. R., 2000:
Subspeciation within a punctuated equilibrium evolutionary event:
Phylogenetic history of the Lower-Middle Ordovician
Paroistodus originalis-P. horridus complex (Conodonta).
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #3, pp. 492-502
Ethington, R. L., Lehnert, O. & Repetski, J. E., 2000:
Stiptognathus new genus (Conodonta: Ibexian, Lower Ordovician),
and the apparatus of Stiptognathus borealis (Repetski, 1982).
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #1, pp. 92-100
Gabbott, S. E., Aldridge, R. J. & Theron, J. N., 1995:
A giant conodont with preserved
muscle tissue from the Upper Ordovician of South Africa.
–Nature: Vol. 374, 27 April, pp. 800-803
Janvier , P., 1995 [preview]: Conodonts join the club.
–Nature: Vol. 374, 27 April, pp. 761-762
Janvier, P., 1999 [preview]: Catching the first fish.
–Nature: Vol. 402, 4 November, pp. 21-22
Leslie, S. A., 2000: Mohawkian (Upper Ordovician) conodonts of
eastern North America and Baltoscandia.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #6, pp. 1122-1147
Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223
Lundberg, J. G., 1995-1997: Chordata
--iNet : The Tree of Life
Purnell, M. A., 1994: Microwear on conodont elements and macrophagy
in the first elements.
–Nature: Vol. 374, 27 April, pp. 798-800
Purnell, M. A., Donoghue, P. C. J. & Aldridge, R. J., 2000:
Orientation and anatomical notation in conodonts.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #1, pp. 113-122
Sweet, W. C., 2000: Conodonts and biostratigraphy of Upper Ordovician
strata along a shelf to basin transect in central Nevada.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #6, pp. 1148-1160
Sweet, W. C. & Donoghue, P. C. J., 2001: Conodonts: Past, Present and Future.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 75, #6, pp. 1174-1184
Zhang, S. & Barnes, C. R., 2000:
Anticostiodus, a new multielement conodont genus from
the Lower Silurian, Anticosti Island, Quebeg.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #4, pp. 662-669
Zhen, Y. Y., Nicoll, R. S., Percival, I. G., Hamedi, M. A. & Stewart, I., 2001:
Ordovician Rhipidognathid conodonts from Australia and Iran.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 75, #1, pp. 186-207
© Mikko Haaramo, / Last updated 2003-01-16 / http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/mhaaramo